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pharm unit 6 mix > Antibiotics Therapeutics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G; Penicillin V

A

Strep. infections (except Pneumococcus); Syphilis (Benzathine Pen); anaerobes (except Bacterioides Fragilis)

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2
Q

Oxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Nafcillin (Cloxacillin, Methicillin)

A

Staph. aureus, Streptococci infections (cellulitis)

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3
Q

Ampicillin; Amoxicillin

A

Streptococcus; DoC: Enterococcus, Listeria; mouth anaerobes; some G(-): E. Coli, Proteus Mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, H. Influenzae; H. Pylori, Borrelia Burgdorferi; (HELPSS)

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4
Q

Piperacillin; (Ticarcillin; Azlocillin; Carbencillin)

A

Most G(-) bacteria; all Proteus; Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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5
Q

Zosyn (Piperacillin + Tazobactam); Augmentin (Amoxicillin + Clavulanate)

A

S. Aureus, gut anaerobes (B. Fraegilis); all Haemophilus Influenzae, Moraxella Catarrhalis, Klebsiella

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6
Q

Cefazolin; Cephalexin

A

G+, Staph, Strep, Cellulitis; Some G-: Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella (PEcK); mouth anaerobes; Surgical Prophylaxis

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7
Q

Cefuroxime (IV); [Cefaclor (PO), Cefuroxime (PO)]

A

_ S. aureus; _ G(-): H. influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp (HEN PEcKS); Serratia marcescens; M. catarrhalis; Pneumonia, COPD exacerbations

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8
Q

Ceftazadime (IV); Cefpodoxime (PO); Ceftriaxone (IV)

A

Broad G- coverage. (_ G+ activity); Pseudomonas (Ceftazidime); anaerobes - not B. Fragilis; Meningitis & Sepsis, Gonorrhea (Ceftriaxone)

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9
Q

Cefepime

A

_ resistance to _-Lactamases (esp. Enterobacter, S. aureus); _activity against Pseudomonas and gram-positive organisms

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10
Q

Imipenem (given w/ Cilastin)

A

Empiric coverage of virtually all bacteria (except MRSA & VREnterococci); ICU empiric therapy (life threatening infections)

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11
Q

Aztreonam

A

G- aerobic bacilli (esp. Pseudomonas) only; no G+, no anaerobic; For penicillin-allergic pt and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides.

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12
Q

Vancomycin

A

Almost any G+, but reserved for resistant strains (e.g. MRSA); Pseudomembranous colitis (PO): Metronidazole(R) C. Difficile

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13
Q

Daptomycin

A

G+ cocci only; use for VRE, VRSA

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14
Q

Colistin (Polymyxin E); Polymyxin B

A

Bacteriacidal for G- Bacteria; Skin Infections, External Otitis; Pseudomonas in Cystic Fibrosis via nebulized solution

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15
Q

Ciprofloxacin; (Lomefloxaci, Norfloxacin, Oflaxacin)

A

All G- enterobactericeae; not G+; Community-aquired pneumonia, bronchitis, UTIs, gastroenteritis

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16
Q

Levofloxacin

A

same as 2nd gen + Pneumococcus; gonorrheal and chlamydial infections

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17
Q

Metronidazole

A

Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella; Anaerobes (bacteriodes, clostridium - Pseudomembranous colitis); H. Pylori (GET GAP on the Metro! )

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18
Q

Rifampin

A

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis; Leprosy; H. Influenzae; N. meningococcus

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19
Q

Gentamicin; Tobramycin; (Neomycin, Streptomycin; Amikacin)

A

G- rods; ineffective against anaerobes (O2-dependent uptake mechanism); Streptomycin for Tuberculosis, Tularemia, Bubonic plague. Neomycin: bowel surgery

20
Q

Doxycycline; (Tetracycline, Minocycline, Dmeclocycline, Tigecycline)

A

G+ (S. pneumoniae, MRSA); intracellular pathogens: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella, Rickettsia (rocky mtn spotted fever); alt for Spirochetes

21
Q

Clindamycin

A

Anaerobic bacteria (except C. Difficile) esp. above the diaphragm (e.g. Aspiration Pneumonia); pneumococci and MRSA

22
Q

Azithromycin (Z pack); (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Telithromycin)

A

Community acquired Pneumonias; (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella -DOC). H. influenzae; H. Pylori; MAC (in HIV); Gram+ organisms;

23
Q

Linezolid

A

Gram+ Cocci, used primarily for VRSA & MRSA; anaerobes (B. fragilis)

24
Q

Quinupristin-Dalfopristin

A

Parenterally for severe infections: VRSA, VRE, drug resistant G+ Cocci

25
Q

Trimethoprim

A

UTIs, COPD exacerbations; DOC Nocardia, Stentophomonas, Toxoplasma gondii, Isospora; prophylactic Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia; minor MRSA infection; AIDS prophylaxis

26
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

UTIs, COPD exacerbations; DOC Nocardia, Stentophomonas, Toxoplasma gondii, Isospora; prophylactic Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia; minor MRSA infection; AIDS prophylaxis

27
Q

Isoniazid (INH)

A

Tuberculosis: used in combination with other antimycobacterial agents

28
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Tuberculosis: ability to kill mycobacteria in protected sites (inside Macs) allows for short course (<6months) therapy

29
Q

Ethambutol

A

Tuberculosis: used in combination with other antimycobacterial agents; Atypical mycobacacterial infections (e.g. MAC)

30
Q

Acyclovir

A

HSV, VZV (requires higher dose than HSV); works on active phase infection not dormant

31
Q

Ganciclovir

A

CMV, retinitis in HIV; HHV-6, HHV-7 (resistant to Aclovir)

32
Q

Foscarnet

A

Aclovir-resistant HSV/VZV; Ganciclovir resistant CMV; HIV (RNA poly inhibitor)

33
Q

Oseltamivir; (Zanamivir)

A

Influenza A & B, H1N1 (treat within 48h of symptoms to _ duration/severity of illness)

34
Q

Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV, Azidothymidine)

A

HIV; _maternal-fetal HIV transmission; post HIV exposure

35
Q

Lamivudine; (Emtricitabine)

A

HIV; HBV

36
Q

Efavirenz; (Nevirapine, Delaviradine; Etravirine)

A

HIV-1 infection (potent, first line in combo), HIV-2 is resistant; (Nevirapine _vertical transmission by half @ delivery)

37
Q

Ritonavir/Lopinavir; Amprenavir

A

HIV; potent first line protease inhibitors

38
Q

Boceprevir; Telapravir

A

HCV

39
Q

Enfurvitide

A

HIV infection; in salvage regiments to treat multi drug-resistant HIV

40
Q

Maraviroc

A

HIV infection; multi drug-resistant HIV

41
Q

Raltegravir

A

HIV infection; multi drug-resistant HIV

42
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Invasive Aspergillus; Mucormycosis. Pulmonary, disseminated fungal infections: Blastomyces, Coccidoides, Histoplasma; severe Candidal, Crytococcal, Sporothrix

43
Q

Nystatin

A

Topically antifungal for cutaneous Candidiasis, (PO for trush “swish and swallow”)

44
Q

Clotrimazole; Fluconazole (Voriconazole, Terconazole, Posaconazole, Itraconazole)

A

Candidiases, Dermatophytes (Clotrimazole). Esophageal/invasive Candidiasi &, Coccidiomycosis, Cryptococcal meningitis pohylaxis (Fluconazole)

45
Q

Terbinafine (Lamisil); Tolnaftate

A

Topical Dermatophytes (limited activity against candida), onychomycosis (nail inf.), tinea (ring worms)

46
Q

Caspofungin

A

Life-threatening fungal infections, Candidemia, (particularly by azole-resistant strains). Adjuvant therapy of serious Aspergillus infection (w/ Amphotericin)

47
Q

Flucytosine

A

Used in combo with amphotericin B for Cryptococcal meningitis, Candidemia (context of immunodeficiency)

pharm unit 6 mix (4 decks)

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