Antibiotics Therapeutics Flashcards
Penicillin G; Penicillin V
Strep. infections (except Pneumococcus); Syphilis (Benzathine Pen); anaerobes (except Bacterioides Fragilis)
Oxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Nafcillin (Cloxacillin, Methicillin)
Staph. aureus, Streptococci infections (cellulitis)
Ampicillin; Amoxicillin
Streptococcus; DoC: Enterococcus, Listeria; mouth anaerobes; some G(-): E. Coli, Proteus Mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, H. Influenzae; H. Pylori, Borrelia Burgdorferi; (HELPSS)
Piperacillin; (Ticarcillin; Azlocillin; Carbencillin)
Most G(-) bacteria; all Proteus; Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Zosyn (Piperacillin + Tazobactam); Augmentin (Amoxicillin + Clavulanate)
S. Aureus, gut anaerobes (B. Fraegilis); all Haemophilus Influenzae, Moraxella Catarrhalis, Klebsiella
Cefazolin; Cephalexin
G+, Staph, Strep, Cellulitis; Some G-: Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella (PEcK); mouth anaerobes; Surgical Prophylaxis
Cefuroxime (IV); [Cefaclor (PO), Cefuroxime (PO)]
_ S. aureus; _ G(-): H. influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp (HEN PEcKS); Serratia marcescens; M. catarrhalis; Pneumonia, COPD exacerbations
Ceftazadime (IV); Cefpodoxime (PO); Ceftriaxone (IV)
Broad G- coverage. (_ G+ activity); Pseudomonas (Ceftazidime); anaerobes - not B. Fragilis; Meningitis & Sepsis, Gonorrhea (Ceftriaxone)
Cefepime
_ resistance to _-Lactamases (esp. Enterobacter, S. aureus); _activity against Pseudomonas and gram-positive organisms
Imipenem (given w/ Cilastin)
Empiric coverage of virtually all bacteria (except MRSA & VREnterococci); ICU empiric therapy (life threatening infections)
Aztreonam
G- aerobic bacilli (esp. Pseudomonas) only; no G+, no anaerobic; For penicillin-allergic pt and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides.
Vancomycin
Almost any G+, but reserved for resistant strains (e.g. MRSA); Pseudomembranous colitis (PO): Metronidazole(R) C. Difficile
Daptomycin
G+ cocci only; use for VRE, VRSA
Colistin (Polymyxin E); Polymyxin B
Bacteriacidal for G- Bacteria; Skin Infections, External Otitis; Pseudomonas in Cystic Fibrosis via nebulized solution
Ciprofloxacin; (Lomefloxaci, Norfloxacin, Oflaxacin)
All G- enterobactericeae; not G+; Community-aquired pneumonia, bronchitis, UTIs, gastroenteritis
Levofloxacin
same as 2nd gen + Pneumococcus; gonorrheal and chlamydial infections
Metronidazole
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella; Anaerobes (bacteriodes, clostridium - Pseudomembranous colitis); H. Pylori (GET GAP on the Metro! )
Rifampin
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis; Leprosy; H. Influenzae; N. meningococcus
Gentamicin; Tobramycin; (Neomycin, Streptomycin; Amikacin)
G- rods; ineffective against anaerobes (O2-dependent uptake mechanism); Streptomycin for Tuberculosis, Tularemia, Bubonic plague. Neomycin: bowel surgery
Doxycycline; (Tetracycline, Minocycline, Dmeclocycline, Tigecycline)
G+ (S. pneumoniae, MRSA); intracellular pathogens: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella, Rickettsia (rocky mtn spotted fever); alt for Spirochetes
Clindamycin
Anaerobic bacteria (except C. Difficile) esp. above the diaphragm (e.g. Aspiration Pneumonia); pneumococci and MRSA
Azithromycin (Z pack); (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Telithromycin)
Community acquired Pneumonias; (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella -DOC). H. influenzae; H. Pylori; MAC (in HIV); Gram+ organisms;
Linezolid
Gram+ Cocci, used primarily for VRSA & MRSA; anaerobes (B. fragilis)
Quinupristin-Dalfopristin
Parenterally for severe infections: VRSA, VRE, drug resistant G+ Cocci
