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pharm unit 6 mix > Antimicro mech > Flashcards

Antimicro mech Flashcards

1
Q

Complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis

A

Penicillin G; Penicillin V

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2
Q

_ transpeptidase _ _ cell wall synthesis; bulky side group to stop _penicillinases

A

Oxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Nafcillin (Cloxacillin, Methicillin)

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3
Q

Hydrophilic amino group _ encanced ability to pass through porins _ confers greater Gram negative activity. _ cell wall synthesis

A

Ampicillin; Amoxicillin

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4
Q

Carboxypenicillin: carboxyl R group allows penetration of porins in G(-) outer memb, _transpeptidase, _cell wall synthesis

A

Piperacillin; (Ticarcillin; Azlocillin; Carbencillin)

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5
Q

Suicide inhibitor, binds to and inactivates _ _-Lactamase

A

Zosyn (Piperacillin + Tazobactam); Augmentin (Amoxicillin + Clavulanate)

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6
Q

Bacteriocidal: bind and for complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis; relatively resistant to most (not all) _-Lactamases; Resistance via Transpeptidase mutations, _-Lactamases (esp in G-), Enterococci inherently resistant to cephaosporins

A

Cefazolin; Cephalexin

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7
Q

Bacteriocidal: bind and for complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis; relatively resistant to most (not all) _-Lactamases; Resistance via Transpeptidase mutations, _-Lactamases (esp in G-), Enterococci inherently resistant to cephaosporins

A

Cefuroxime (IV); [Cefaclor (PO), Cefuroxime (PO)]

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8
Q

Bacteriocidal: bind and for complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis; relatively resistant to most (not all) _-Lactamases; Resistance via Transpeptidase mutations, _-Lactamases (esp in G-), Enterococci inherently resistant to cephaosporins

A

Ceftazadime (IV); Cefpodoxime (PO); Ceftriaxone (IV)

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9
Q

Bacteriocidal: bind and for complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis; relatively resistant to most (not all) _-Lactamases; Resistance via Transpeptidase mutations, _-Lactamases (esp in G-), Enterococci inherently resistant to cephaosporins

A

Cefepime

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10
Q

Complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis; Highly resistant to _-Lactamases; Broadest Spectrum of Activity of all antibacterials

A

Imipenem (given w/ Cilastin)

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11
Q

_ transpeptidase: _ cell wall synthesis, unique peptidoglycan targets, resistant to _-Lactamases

A

Aztreonam

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12
Q

Binds rapidly and irreversibly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine muramyl pentapeptide of cell wall precursors _ _ polymerization of peptidoglycans

A

Vancomycin

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13
Q

Penetrates bacterial cell wall, forming a channel for subsequent leakage of intracellular ions

A

Daptomycin

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14
Q

Cationic detergents _ Distortion of the membrane lipid structure, _ permeability to polar molecules, via channel

A

Colistin (Polymyxin E); Polymyxin B

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15
Q

Inhibits _DNA gyrase (Topo II) (supercoiling control), and _Topoisomerase IV (untangling daughter Chr), traps enzyme on DNA

A

Ciprofloxacin; (Lomefloxaci, Norfloxacin, Oflaxacin)

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16
Q

Inhibits _DNA gyrase (Topo II) (supercoiling control), and _Topoisomerase IV (untangling daughter Chr), traps enzyme on DNA

A

Levofloxacin

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17
Q

Reductive bioactivation via ferredoxins (in anaerobic bacteria, some protozoa) cytotoxic free radicals react with & damages DNA, protein, or bacterial membranes

A

Metronidazole

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18
Q

Inhibits _ RNA Polymerase _ _ mRNA transcription; resistance: RNA poly (_) mutation

A

Rifampin

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19
Q

O2-dependent uptake (anaerobes innately resistant); binds 30S ribosome _ premature termination, mistranslation (bacteriacidal), _ initiation of translation

A

Gentamicin; Tobramycin; (Neomycin, Streptomycin; Amikacin)

20
Q

Reversibly binds 30S Ribosome Subunit: block access of _aminoacyl tRNA to its codon (bacteriostatic); imported via energy-dependent active transport lacking in humans

A

Doxycycline; (Tetracycline, Minocycline, Dmeclocycline, Tigecycline)

21
Q

Binds 50S Ribosome at A site _blocking _peptidyl transferase _peptide bond synthesis

A

Clindamycin

22
Q

Reversibly binds 50S subunit _ _translocation via interference with tRNA release; unrelated -agonist at Motilin R. _ _ GI Motility; Resistance via methylation of tRNA

A

Azithromycin (Z pack); (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Telithromycin)

23
Q

Binds 50S Ribosome and inhibits _ peptidyl transferase

A

Linezolid

24
Q

Binds 50S Ribosome and inhibits _ amino-acyl tRNA interaction with acceptor site

A

Quinupristin-Dalfopristin

25
Q

Folic Acid analogue, inhibits DiHydroFolate Reductase _DHFR _(DHF _ THF), _bacterial recycling of folate, _Purines, AA synthesis

A

Trimethoprim

26
Q

PABA analogue, competitively _ dihydropteric synthetase _(PABA _DHF) _DNA synthesis, selective (humans lack de novo folate)

A

Sulfamethoxazole

27
Q

Prodrug, activated by catalase-peroxidase (KatG) _INH binds enol-ocyl reductase (InhA), _ disrupting _mycolic acid synthesis

A

Isoniazid (INH)

28
Q

Prodrug; activated by PZase_ pyrazinoic acid_ inhibits mycobacterial fatty acid synthetase I _ _C16, C24 FA, required for mycolic acid synthesis

A

Pyrazinamide

29
Q

Inhibits _ arabinosyl transferases (EmbAB) _ cell wall biosynthesis (arabingalactan)

A

Ethambutol

30
Q

Phosphorylated acycloGMP via viral Thymidine Kinase. acycloGTP _ Chain terminator (no 3’OH) & _viral DNA polymerase inhibitor

A

Acyclovir

31
Q

Triphosphate form _ Chain terminator & _viral DNA polymerase inhibitor.

A

Ganciclovir

32
Q

Inhibits _viral DNA polymerase without need for activation; also _RNA polymerase inhibition

A

Foscarnet

33
Q

Prevent viral release from host cells

A

Oseltamivir; (Zanamivir)

34
Q

Thymidine analog, tri-phosphorylated by viral enzymes, inhibits HIV’s _reverse transcriptase _chain termination; blocks spread of infection; Resitance via mutations in RT

A

Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV, Azidothymidine)

35
Q

Thymidine analog, tri-phosphorylated by viral enzymes, inhibits HIV’s _reverse transcriptase _chain termination; blocks spread of infection; Resitance via mutations in RT

A

Lamivudine; (Emtricitabine)

36
Q

High affinity, binds (not at catalytic site), _ inhibits HIV’s RT do not require metabolic activation

A

Efavirenz; (Nevirapine, Delaviradine; Etravirine)

37
Q

reversibly inhibits _ HIV protease (cleaves HIV polyproteins [gag, gag-pol] to functional parts) virions are packaged but don’t mature or infect

A

Ritonavir/Lopinavir; Amprenavir

38
Q

Prevents_ HCV serine protease cleavage of HCV protein into functional subunits

A

Boceprevir; Telapravir

39
Q

Binds first Heptad Repeat (HR1) in _ gp41 envelope glycoprotein, prevents conformational changes require for _fusion to cell membrane

A

Enfurvitide

40
Q

Binds CCR5 receptor on macs, T-cells, dendritic cells, preventing HIV from using CCR5 as a co-receptor _entry of CCR5-tropic HIV

A

Maraviroc

41
Q

Reversibly inhibits _HIV integrase, preventing viral genome transfer to host cell chromosome

A

Raltegravir

42
Q

Binds membrane sterols: _memb. permeability (via pores) _ leakage of K+ and Mg+; selectivity via higher affinity for ergosterol (fungal) vs. cholesterol (mammalian)

A

Amphotericin B

43
Q

Binds membrane sterols: _memb. permeability (via pores) _ leakage of K+ and Mg+; selectivity via higher affinity for ergosterol (fungal) vs. cholesterol (mammalian)

A

Nystatin

44
Q

inhibits 14--demethylase (a P450 dependent microsomal enzyme): _ lanosterol _ ergosterol. Destabilizes fungal membrane

A

Clotrimazole; Fluconazole (Voriconazole, Terconazole, Posaconazole, Itraconazole)

45
Q

Inhibits _ Squalene Epoxidase _ ergosterol synthesis. Destabilizes fungal membrane. Accumulation of squalene is toxic

A

Terbinafine (Lamisil); Tolnaftate

46
Q

Inhibits _ glucan synthase complex _ synthesis of _(1,3)-D-Glucan

A

Caspofungin

47
Q

Prodrug activated via fungal cytosine deaminase _ 5-fluorouracil, 5-FU + _ _ 5FdUMP _ active inhibitor of _ Thymidylate synthetase

A

Flucytosine

pharm unit 6 mix (4 decks)

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