Antilipemics Flashcards
how do you want LDL levels?
low, lower than 100mg/dl
how do you want HDL levels?
high, higher than 40mg/dl
HMG-CoA mech of action:
inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, which is used by the liver to produce cholesterol, lower the rate of cholesterol
HMG-CoA indications:
first-line drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia, treatment of types IIa and IIb hyperlipemias
HMG-CoA adv effects:
mild rash, GI disturbances, rash, HA, Myopathy, possibly leading to thr seroius condition rhabdomyolysis; elevations in liver enzymes (hepatotoxicity)
when are HMG-CoA given?
NIGHT TIME, take statin before you get under your satin sheets
are HMG-CoA are very effective?
yes; takes 2-4 weeks to see effects
HMG-CoA end in what?
statin
pts taking HMG-CoA should avoid what?
grapefruit, liquor
Bile Acid Sequestrants mech of action:
prevent reabsorption of bile acids from small intestine, bile acids are necessary for the absorption of cholesterol
Bile Acid Sequestrants indications:
type 2 hyperlipoproteinemia, releif of pruitus associated with partial biliary obstruction, may be used with statins
Bile Acid Sequestrants adv effects:
constipation, heartburn, nausea, belching, effects will disappear over time
Lipid acronym:
L: LDL is 15-30%
I: increase fluids and fiber
P: pt monitoring
I: Increase GI distress; constipation
D: decreases absorption of many meds
Niacin classification:
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Niacin mech of action:
thought to increase activity of lipase, which breaks down lipids, reduces the metabolism of catabolism of cholesterol and triglycerides
Niacin indications:
effective in lowering triglyceride, total serum cholesterol, LDL levels, Increases HDL levels
Niacin adv effects:
flushing, pruritus, GI distress
Fibric Acid Derivatives mech of action:
-activating lipase, which breaks down cholesterol
-suppress the release of free fatty acid from adipose tissue, inhibit synthesis of triglycerides in the liver, and increase secretion of cholesterol in the bile
Fibric Acid Derivatives indications:
Treatment of type 3, 4, 5 hyperlipidemia, decrease the triglyceride level, and increase HDL by as much as 25%
Fibric Acid Derivatives adv effects:
LFT levels, GI upset, blurred vision, gallstones, prolonged prothrombin time
Gemfibrozil classification:
Fibric Acid Derivatives
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor mech of action:
inhibits absorbtion of cholesterol and related sterols from the small intestine
ezetimibe classification:
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
ZETIA acronym:
Z: disziness
E:encourage contraceptives
T:taken with food
I:inhibits absorbtion of dietary cholesterol
A: adjunct to diet and exercise
Herbal products:
Garlic, Flax, Omega-3 fatty acids
