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KN-PharmCardiac > Antihypertensives1 > Flashcards

Antihypertensives1 Flashcards

1
Q

What stage hypertension is someone with a systolic pressure of 150?

A

stage I HTN. 140-159/90-99

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2
Q

What stage hypertension is a person with diastolic 88?

A

prehypertension. 120-139/80-89

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3
Q

What are the three mechanisms used to regulate normal BP?

A
  1. sympathetic control via barometric reflex: increase in HR and vasoconstriction
  2. RAAS system: vasoconstriction and hypervolemia
  3. Local release of hormones (endothelin, NO, kinins)
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4
Q

Where do alpha1 adrenergic responses predominantly have an effect and how do they achieve it?

A

sympathetic response primarily in the blood vessels. They increase intracellular Ca and cause vasoconstriction.

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5
Q

Where do Beta adrenergic responses have a major effect and how do they achieve it?

A

heart and lungs primarily by cAMP

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6
Q

What does reserpine do? what is its mechanism?

A

It depletes NE stores by inhibiting VMAT. Reduces sympathetic tone.

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of a drug ending in ‘azosin’?

A

they are alpha blockers

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8
Q

What effect do alpha blockers have on cholesterol levels?

A

they increase HDL and decrease LDL. Also have beneficial effects on insulin resistance

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9
Q

What is prazosin used to treat?

A

hypertension

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10
Q

What are terazosin and doxazosin used to treat?

A

BPH and difficulty urinating. Can also lower BP but not primarily used for it alone.

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11
Q

What is the mechansim of a drug ending in ‘olol’?

A

it is a beta blocker. (antagonist)

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12
Q

What is propranolol? What is special about it?

A

it is a beta blocker. It is membrane stabilizing and highly lipid soluble, but not cardioselective

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13
Q

What is pindolol? What is special about it?

A

It is a non-specific beta blocker with high ISA and some lipid solubiilty. It is not cardioselective and slighlty membrane stabilizing

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of beta1 blocking drugs?

A

block b1 receptors to decrease HR, contractility, and cardiac output. Also reduce renin secretion

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15
Q

Why would a B blocker be preferred in the treatment of some HTN?

A

it is very effective if renin levels are high. It is also useful in patients with CHF, MI, or ischemic heart disease

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16
Q

What effect do B blockers have on heart rate in patients with CHF?

A

normally B blockers decrease HR, but in patients with CHF they increase HR. They reduce mortality and recurrence of MI.

17
Q

What is bisoprolol? What is its mechanism and what receptors is it specific for?

A

long acting B1-selective blocker that significantly reduces HTN mortality. Can also be used to treat glaucoma as eyedrops

18
Q

What is metoprolol? What is its mechanism and what receptors is it specific for?

A

B1-selective blocker. Cardioselective. Somewhat lipid soluble

19
Q

What is propranolol? What is its mechanism and what receptors is it specific for?

A

Non-selective BB that produces resting bradycardia and hypotension. Useful antiarrhythmic. Has membrane stabilizing activity, produces bronchospasm, and is highly lipid soluble

20
Q

What is pindolol? What is its mechanism and what receptors is it specific for?

A

non-selective BB with high ISA. High doses raise HR, BP, and bronchodilation. Memrane stabilizing. Lipid soluble. ISA.

21
Q

What is esmolol? What is its mechanism and what receptors is it specific for?

A

very short half-life, selective BB. given during IV management to stabilize arrhythmias

22
Q

What is timolol? What is its mechanism and what receptors is it specific for?

A

nonselective BB used as eyedrops for treatment of open angle glaucoma

23
Q

What are the main adverse effects of BB?

A

cold extremities, bradycardia, bronchospasm, CNS side effects

24
Q

What is labetalol? What is its mechanism and what receptors is it specific for?

A

nonselective B blocker and A1 antagonist. Given IV for hypertensive emergencies. 3rd generation. Good for treating pre-eclampsia

25
Q

What is carvedilol? What is its mechanism and what receptors is it specific for?

A

nonselective BB and A1 antagonist. Lipid soluble. TPR, BP, HR, and contractility reduced but CO maintained. Antioxidant, prevents LDL oxidation. Useful for HTN and CHF

26
Q

What is celiprolol? What is its mechanism and what receptors is it specific for?

A

selective B blocker, and B2 agonist. Directly vasodilates BV. used for HTN and angina

27
Q

What is nebivolol? What is its mechanism and what receptors is it specific for?

A

highly selective B1 blocker, with NO-mediated vasodilation. devoid of ISA. Membrane stabilizing. Decreases BP, HR and TPR, but signficantly increases stroke volume to maintain CO. Drug of choice for HTN with metabolic syndrome

28
Q

Which drug is useful for treating HTN in patients with DM?

A

captopril because it will help prevent diabetic neprhopathy

29
Q

Which drug is a balanced vasodilator, reducing both preload and afterload?

A

nitroprusside

30
Q

T or F: digoxin decrease vagal stimulation of the heart at therapeutic doses.

A

False.

KN-PharmCardiac (11 decks)

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