Antihypertensives (Week 1) Flashcards
Adrenergic-Blocking Beta-Blockers Examples
ending in “-olol”
E.g. Acebutolol, Bisoprolol, Metoprolol, Propranolol
Adrenergic-Blocking Beta-Blockers Indications
Hypertension Arrhythmia Heart Failure Angina Heart Attacks Migraine
Adrenergic-Blocking Beta-Blockers Side Effects
Hypotension Dry Mouth Drowsiness Sedation Dizziness Edema Constipation Sexual Disfunction High incidence of orthostatic hypotension
Adrenergic-Blocking Beta-Blockers Nursing Considerations
Contraindicated in acute heart failure, severe depression, peptic ulcers, colitis
ACE Inhibitors Examples
“-pril”
E.g. benazepril, lisinopril
ACE Inhibitors Mechanism of Action
Block conversion of angiotensin I to vasoconstrictor angiotensin II.
Prevent sodium and water reabsorption by inhibiting aldosterone secretion
ACE Inhibitors Therapeutic Effects
CV: Reduce bp by decreasing systemic vascular resistance
Decrease resistance against left ventricle pump
ACE Inhibitors Indications
Heart Failure
Hypertension
ACE Inhibitors Adverse Effects
CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, insomnia, vertigo
Resp: cough
CV: Hypotension, chest pain, edema, tachycardia
GI: Taste disturbances, abdominal pain
Dangerous: Angioedema
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Examples
“-sartan”
E.g. Valsartan, Losartan, Eprosartan
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Indications
Hypertension
Diabetic Nephropathy in T2Diabetes
Heart Failure when ACE inhibitors not tolerated
Prevention of Stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Mechanism of Action
Blocks vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-producing effects of angiotensin II at receptor sites, including vascular smooth muscle and adrenal glands
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Therapeutic Effects
Lowering of BP
Slowed progression of diabetic nephropathy
Reduced CV death/hospitalization due to H
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Nursing Considerations
Contraindicated in hypersensitivity
Can cause injury or death of fetus/Don’t use while lactating
Use cautiously in heart failure
Asses orthostatic BP and pulses periodically
Assess for signs of angioedema (dyspnea, facial swelling)
Monitor daily weight for fluid retention
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Adverse Reactions
CNS: dizziness
CV: hypotension
Most Fatal: angioedema
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Patient Teaching
Importance of taking as directed, even when feeling well - same time each day
Avoid salt substitutes containing potassium
Notify health care professional if swelling of face, eyes, lips, or tongue occurs
May cause dizziness - avoid driving
Calcium Channel Blockers Examples
“-ipine”
Diuretics Examples
Thiazide
Diuretics Indications
Mild to moderate hypertension
Edema associated with: HF, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, glucocorticoid therapy, estrogen therapy
Diuretics Action
Increase excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tube
Diuretics Therapeutic Effects
Lower BP i hypertensive patients
Diuresis with mobilization of Edema
Diuretics Nursing Considerations
Assess frequently for skin rash during therapy - Stevens-Johnson syndrome may develop
Diuretics Adverse Effects
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome CNS: dizzy, drowsy, weak CV: hypotension EENT: glaucoma GI: anorexia, cramping, hepatitis, nausea, pancreatitis, vomitting Endo: hyperglycemia Derm: photosensitivity, rash
Diuretics Patient Education
Take in morning to prevent disruption of sleep schedule
