Antihypertensives (Week 1)

Question 1

Adrenergic-Blocking Beta-Blockers Examples

Answer 1

ending in “-olol”

E.g. Acebutolol, Bisoprolol, Metoprolol, Propranolol

Question 2

Adrenergic-Blocking Beta-Blockers Indications

Answer 2

Hypertension
Arrhythmia
Heart Failure
Angina
Heart Attacks
Migraine

Question 3

Adrenergic-Blocking Beta-Blockers Side Effects

Answer 3

Hypotension
Dry Mouth
Drowsiness
Sedation
Dizziness
Edema
Constipation
Sexual Disfunction
High incidence of orthostatic hypotension

Question 4

Adrenergic-Blocking Beta-Blockers Nursing Considerations

Answer 4

Contraindicated in acute heart failure, severe depression, peptic ulcers, colitis

Question 5

ACE Inhibitors Examples

Answer 5

“-pril”

E.g. benazepril, lisinopril

Question 6

ACE Inhibitors Mechanism of Action

Answer 6

Block conversion of angiotensin I to vasoconstrictor angiotensin II.
Prevent sodium and water reabsorption by inhibiting aldosterone secretion

Question 7

ACE Inhibitors Therapeutic Effects

Answer 7

CV: Reduce bp by decreasing systemic vascular resistance

Decrease resistance against left ventricle pump

Question 8

ACE Inhibitors Indications

Answer 8

Heart Failure

Hypertension

Question 9

ACE Inhibitors Adverse Effects

Answer 9

CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, insomnia, vertigo
Resp: cough
CV: Hypotension, chest pain, edema, tachycardia
GI: Taste disturbances, abdominal pain
Dangerous: Angioedema

Question 10

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Examples

Answer 10

“-sartan”

E.g. Valsartan, Losartan, Eprosartan

Question 11

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Indications

Answer 11

Hypertension
Diabetic Nephropathy in T2Diabetes
Heart Failure when ACE inhibitors not tolerated
Prevention of Stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 12

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Mechanism of Action

Answer 12

Blocks vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-producing effects of angiotensin II at receptor sites, including vascular smooth muscle and adrenal glands

Question 13

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Therapeutic Effects

Answer 13

Lowering of BP
Slowed progression of diabetic nephropathy
Reduced CV death/hospitalization due to H

Question 14

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Nursing Considerations

Answer 14

Contraindicated in hypersensitivity
Can cause injury or death of fetus/Don’t use while lactating
Use cautiously in heart failure
Asses orthostatic BP and pulses periodically
Assess for signs of angioedema (dyspnea, facial swelling)
Monitor daily weight for fluid retention

Question 15

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Adverse Reactions

Answer 15

CNS: dizziness
CV: hypotension
Most Fatal: angioedema

Question 16

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Patient Teaching

Answer 16

Importance of taking as directed, even when feeling well - same time each day
Avoid salt substitutes containing potassium
Notify health care professional if swelling of face, eyes, lips, or tongue occurs
May cause dizziness - avoid driving

Question 17

Calcium Channel Blockers Examples

Answer 17

“-ipine”

Question 18

Diuretics Examples

Answer 18

Thiazide

Question 19

Diuretics Indications

Answer 19

Mild to moderate hypertension

Edema associated with: HF, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, glucocorticoid therapy, estrogen therapy

Question 20

Diuretics Action

Answer 20

Increase excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tube

Question 21

Diuretics Therapeutic Effects

Answer 21

Lower BP i hypertensive patients

Diuresis with mobilization of Edema

Question 22

Diuretics Nursing Considerations

Answer 22

Assess frequently for skin rash during therapy - Stevens-Johnson syndrome may develop

Question 23

Diuretics Adverse Effects

Answer 23

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
CNS: dizzy, drowsy, weak
CV: hypotension
EENT: glaucoma
GI: anorexia, cramping, hepatitis, nausea, pancreatitis, vomitting
Endo: hyperglycemia
Derm: photosensitivity, rash

Question 24

Diuretics Patient Education

Answer 24

Take in morning to prevent disruption of sleep schedule