Antihypertensive Flashcards
Blood pressure formula
Blood pressure = CO(preload & contractility HR) x peripheral resistance (vasoconstriction)
What is preload
Volume overload
What is afterload?
Pressure overload
What is primarily used to treat hypertension?
Thiazides diuretics
Name meds that are thiazides
- Chlorithiazides
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Indapamide (longer duration)
- Metolazone (longer duration)
5.chlorthialidone (more potent)
What is the goal of thiazide diuretics
Decrease Bp and volume depletion
SE of thiazide diuretics
-HYPOkalemia (leg cramps)
-need K+ supplements or K+ rich foods
-electrolyte disturbances: HYPOnatremia, HYPERcalcemia, HYPERuricemia, HYPERglycemia, abnormal lipid profile
What to teach for thiazide diuretics
- monitor v/s, I&O, weight, fluid & electrolytes imbalances, K+ intake
- minimize salty food; contains KCl
Potassium sparing diuretics
-Aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone **
- Na channel inhibitors: triamterene + HCTZ
What is spironolactone used for ?
-mostly for HF reverse cardiac remodeling
What is Na channel inhibitors used for ?
- used for inducing mild diuresis
(Take w/ food)
What is a major side effect of potassium sparing diuretics?
- HYPERkalemia
-aldosterone controls K+ secretions in the kidney
-na channel inhibitors exchange Na (loss) for K+ (retain)
ADR of b-blockers as anti-hypertensives
-bradycardia
-HYPOtension
-HF
-heart block
-bronchoconstriction
Side effects of b-blockers as antihypertensives
-Tiredness
-Fatigue
-sexual dysfunction
-depression
-sleep disturbance
-nightmare
-worsen raynuads syndrome
What are secondary anti hypertension meds
-a1 agonists
-alpha 2 agonist
-direct arterial vasodilator (HTN emergencies)
