Antihyperlipidemics Flashcards

1
Q

Statins

A

Competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Mechanism: 👇🏽intracellular cholesterol = upregulation of LDL receptor
Action: 👆🏽clearing of LDL from blood so 👇🏽LDL and 👇🏽TAGs
*Category X (CI in pregnancy)

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2
Q

Rosuvastatin

A

Most potent statin in lowering LDL

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3
Q

Fluvastatin

A

Least potent statin

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4
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Second most potent statin in lowering LDL

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5
Q

Niacin

A

Inhibits adenylyl cyclase in adipocytes
MOA: inactivation of hormone-sensitive lipase
Effect: 👆🏽HDL, 👇🏽VLDL, 👇🏽LDL, 👇🏽Lp(a), 👇🏽plasma FFAs
Use: pt’s w/ combined hyperlipidemia and low HDL levels, effective in combo w/ satins

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6
Q

Niacin SEs

A

Common SE: intense cutaneous flush (can administer aspirin prior to niacin to decrease flush), pruritis, rash, dry skin, acanthosis nigricans, nausea, abd pn
Severe SE: hepatotoxicity and hyperglycemia, elevated uric acid levels may precipitate gout
Rare SE: atrial arrhythmia, toxic amblyopia, toxic maculopathy

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7
Q

Gemfibrozil / Fenofibrate

A

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists (PPAR-α)
MOA: activation of PPAR-α induces lipoprotein lipase (promoting catabolism of VLDL)
Effect: 👇🏽TGs and 👆🏽HDL
SE: myositis (especially when combined with STATINS)
*Category C

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8
Q

Cholestyramine / Colestipol / Colesevelam

A

Bile acid binding resins
MOA: bind to bile acids in intestinal lumen to prevent reabsorption by making an insoluble complex
Effect: upregulation of LDL receptors in liver so 👇🏽plasma LDL and 👆🏽HDL levels
Use: DOC for pregnant women and children
SE: GI sx’s d/t fat malabsorption (less with Colesevelam), may increase TG
CI: pt with hypertrygliceridemia

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9
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Inhibits intestinal transport protein NPC1L1
MOA: impairs absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol in the intestine which upregulates LDL receptors
Effect: 👇🏽LDL
Use: in combo with Statin to lower LDL levels
SE: rare cases liver damage
CI: bile acid sequestrants inhibit absorption of Ezetimibe

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10
Q

EPA / DHA

A

MOA: reduce TG synthesis and increase FA oxidation in the liver
Effect: 👆🏽HDL

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11
Q

Lovaza

A

Contains EPA and DHA
Use: adjunct to 👇🏽 TG levels
SE: may 👆🏽LDL when TG levels are high

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