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Pharmacology > Anti-Cancer > Flashcards

Anti-Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Methotrexate

A

Anti-folate
MOA: inhibit DHF reductase
Effect: ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿฝ T, A, G and ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿฝ Ser and Met = ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿฝprotein synthesis
SE: pneumonitis, liver fibrosis, BMS, N/V/D
Toxicity tx: Leucovorin rescue to decrease SEs (mobilizes folate to WBCs)

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2
Q

Leucovorin

A

Tx Methotrexate toxicity by getting folate to WBCs

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3
Q

5-flurouracil and Capecitabine

A

Pyrimidine (T) analog
MOA: inhibit Thymidilate synthase (after activation to FdUMP)
SE: Hand-foot syndrome, neurotoxic, BMS, N/V/D

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4
Q

Cytarabine

A

Pyrimidine (C) analog
MOA: inhibit DNA polymerase after phosphorylation and incorporation in DNA (prodrug)
SE: BMS, N/V/D, CNS toxicity

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5
Q

Mercaptopurine

A

Purine (A and G) analog
MOA: activated by HGPRTase to monophosphate, inhibit PRPP anidotransferase (1st and rate-limiting step in purine synthesis)
Effect: IMP accumulation inhibits formation of AMP and GMP
Use: ALL
SE: hyperpigmentation, immunosuppression
*Azathioprine is prodrug of Mercaptopurine

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6
Q

6-Thioguanine

A

Purine (G) analog
MOA: activated by HGPRTase to monophosphate, inhibit PRPP anidotransferase (1st and rate-limiting step in purine synthesis)
Effect: ๐Ÿ‘‡๐ŸฝG
Use: AML

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7
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Non-cell cycle specific
MOA: target N7 of guanine, intrastate linking and cross-linking of strands
SE: increased risk of leukemia/lymphoma

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8
Q

Cyclophosphamide and Ifosfamide

A

Nitrogen Mustard
SE: hemorrhagic cystitis d/t a role in metabolite
Toxicity tx: MESNA

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9
Q

Mechlorethamine

A

Nitrogen Mustard
Use: Hodgkin
SE: severe N/V, powerful vesicant

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10
Q

Melphalan

A

Nitrogen mustard
Use: MM
SE: oral ulceration, pulmonary fibrosis

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11
Q

Cisplatin

A

Platinum analog
SE: nephrotoxicity (give Amifostine), severe N/V (give Ondansetron), permanent ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy
NO severe BM suppression

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12
Q

Carboplatin

A

Platinum analog

- less toxic than Cisplatin

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13
Q

Oxaliplatin (not on Pharm MT)

A

Platinum analog

- no nephrotoxicity / ototoxicity

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14
Q

Procarbazine

A

Methylhydrazine
Use: Hodgkin
SE: Disulfiram-like effect, metabolite of the drug is MAOI (avoid TCAs, tyramine-containing foods and MAOIs)

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15
Q

Carmustine and Lomustine

A

Nitrosureas
MOA: crosses BBB
Use: glioblastoma
SE: BMS, N/V, interstitial pneumonitis

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16
Q

Busulfan

A

Use: CML
SE: BMS, pulmonary fibrosis

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17
Q

Vinblastine

A 
Vinca alkaloid
MOA: M-phase specific, inhibition of microtubule polymerization
Effect: arrest in metaphase
Use: HL and NHL
SE: BMS, constipation, SIADH, vesicant
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18
Q

Vincristine

A 
Vinca alkaloid
MOA: M-phase specific inhibition of microtubule polymerization
Effect: arrested in metaphase
Use: HL and NHL, peds tumors
SE: peripheral neuropathy, SIADH
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19
Q

Paclitaxel

A

Taxane
MOA: M-phase specific inhibition of microtubule depolymerization
Effect: arrested in prophase
Use: solid tumors
SE: HS rxns (premeditate w/ steroid, diphenhydramine and H2RB), peripheral neuropathy

20
Q

Docetaxel

A

Taxane
MOA: M-phase specific, inhibit microtubule depolymerization
Effect: arrested in prophase
SE: fluid retention (pre-tx w/ steroid), HS rxns

21
Q

Irinotecan

A

Camptothecin analog
MOA: S-phase specific, inhibition of Topoisomerase I
PK: eliminated by bile
Use: mets colorectal ca

22
Q

Topotecan

A

Camptothecin analog
MOA: S-phase specific, inhibition of Topoisomerase I
Use: ovarian ca, small cell lung ca
SE: BMS

23
Q

Etoposide and Teniposide

A

Epipodophyllotoxins
MOA: S-phase specific, inhibition of Topoisomerase II
SE: HS rxn, BMS

24
Q

Actinomycin D (not on Pharm MT)

A 
MOA: inhibition of RNA polymerase, binds to dsDNA and intercalated btwn adjacent G-C bp
Effect: stops transcription
Use: choriocarcinoma
SE: 
*ฮฑ-Amanatin has same MOA
25
Q

Bleomycin

A

MOA: G2-phase specific, binds to iron and forms free radicals
SE: pulmonary fibrosis, skin rxn (hyperpigmentation)

26
Q

Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin

A

MOA: intercalated in DNA and form free radicals, also block Topoisomerase II
SE: cardiomyopathy (give Dexrazoxane to reduce), desquamation, red-orange urine color

27
Q

Dexrazoxane

A

Prevents cardiomyopathy d/t Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin by inhibiting the Fenton rxn (chelating iron)

28
Q

Tamoxifen

A

MOA: competitive inhibitor of estradiol binding to ER in breast tissue
Use: ER+ breast ca
SE: menopause sxโ€™s (endometrial hyperplasia, decreased risk of MI d/t to lowering of LDL)

29
Q

Fulvestrant

A

MOA: pure antagonist of ER
Effect: increases ER degradation
Use: Tamoxifen-resistant breast ca
SE: menopause sxโ€™s

30
Q

Anastrozole and Letrozole

A

MOA: competitive aromatase inhibitor (non-steroidal)
Use: adjuvant in ER+ breast ca

31
Q

Exemestane

A

MOA: irreversible inhibitor of aromatase (steroidal)

32
Q

Flutamide

A

MOA: competitive antagonist of androgen receptor
Use: prostate ca
SE: gynecomastia

33
Q

Goserelin and Leuprolide

A

MOA: GnRH analog, initial surge in LH, FSH, and Testosterone = coadminister Flutamide
Effect: downregulation of GnRH receptor = ๐Ÿ‘‡๐ŸฝFSH, LH and Testosterone
Use: prostate ca

34
Q

Trastuzumab

A

MOA: ErbB2
SE: cardiotoxic

35
Q

Imatinib

A

MOA: inhibits bcr-abl (CML), c-kit (GI stromal tumor)
Use: CML, GI stromal tumor, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome

36
Q

Sorafenib

A

MOA: TK inhibitor
Use: RCC

37
Q

Bortezomib

A

MOA: proteasome inhibitor
Use: MM, mantle Cell lymphoma

38
Q

Sunitinib

A

MOA: TK inhibitor
Use: RCC, GI stromal tumor

39
Q

Asparaginase

A

MOA: depletion of asparagine
Use: ALL
SE: pancreatitis, ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿฝinsulin๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿฝclotting factors

40
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

MOA: S-phase specific, inhibit ribouncleotide reductase
Effect: depletion of deoxyribonucleosides

41
Q

Interferon ฮฑ

A

MOA: stimulates NK cells to kill transformed cells, increases HLA expression on tumor cells
Use: Kaposi sarcoma, hairy cell, RCC

42
Q

Gefitinib

A

Use: non-small cell lung ca

43
Q

Erlotinib

A

Use: non-small cell lung ca, pancreatic carcinoma

44
Q

Cetuximab

A

Use: colorectal ca (w/ wild KRAS), head/neck ca)

45
Q

Lapatinib

A

MOA: Inhibit EGFR and ErbB2
Use: non-small cell lung ca, pancreatic carcinoma

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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