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Antigen Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the ability to bind to an antibody.

Antigens are often proteins or large polysaccharides.

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2
Q

How can a foreign substance be classified?

A

A foreign substance can be classified as immunogenic or antigenic.

Immunogenic substances provoke an immune response, while antigenic substances have the ability to bind to an antibody.

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3
Q

Foreign substance can be

A

Foreign substance can be immunogenic or
antigenic.

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4
Q

a foreign substance that induces a specific immune
response

A

Immunogen

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5
Q

– a substance that reacts with the product of a specific
immune response.

A

Antigen

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6
Q

– a substance that is non-immunogenic but which can
react with the products of a specific immune response

A

Hapten

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7
Q

______ are small molecules which could never induce
an immune response when administered by themselves but which
can when coupled to a ______

A

Hapten. Carrier molecule

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8
Q

______ are small molecules which could never induce
an immune response when administered by themselves but which
can when coupled to a ______

A
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9
Q

that portion of an antigen that
combines with the products of a specific immune response.

A

Apitope or antigenic determinant

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10
Q

binds to the antigen-binding site of antibody
receptors.

A

Epitope

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11
Q

specific protein which is produced in response to an
immunogen and which reacts with antigen.

A

Antibody

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12
Q

•Glycolipids

A

ABH, Le, Li, p antigens

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13
Q

Proteins

A

Rn, M, N antigens

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14
Q

Proteins

A

Rn, M, N antigens

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15
Q

Blood group antigen

A

Glycoprotein, glucolipids, protein

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16
Q

Immunogen traits

A
  1. macromolecular size
  2. foreignness
  3. chemical composition and molecular complexity
  4. the ability to be processed and presented within MHC
    molecules.
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17
Q

Immunogen and antigen acan be introduced on their loc cia

A

They may be introduced into another by:
• Blood Transfusion
• Tissue Grafting and Organ Transplant
• Transplacental Leakage
• Ingestion and Injection

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18
Q

Portion that binds specifically with the binding site of an antibody
or to a lymphocyte

A

Antigenic determinant

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19
Q

Antig enic determinant is bsed on

A

Consist of 4-6 amino acids or 5-7 monosaccharides
• Aromatic Amino Acids
• Polysaccharide
• Hydrophilic Molecules

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20
Q

Class of immunogen based on epitope

A

• Unideterminant, Univalent Antigen
• 1 Kind and Number of Epitope
• Unideterminant, Multivalent Antigen
• 1 Kind of Epitope ; High number of Epitope
• Multideterminant, Univalent Antigen
• Multideterminant, Multivalent

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21
Q

Class of immunogen based on epitope

A

• Unideterminant, Univalent Antigen
• 1 Kind and Number of Epitope
• Unideterminant, Multivalent Antigen
• 1 Kind of Epitope ; High number of Epitope
• Multideterminant, Univalent Antigen
• Multideterminant, Multivalent

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22
Q

are called incomplete / partial antigens. Gives
the antigen its antibody provoking abilities

A

Hapten

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23
Q
  • proteins which give the hapten the required
    sized
24
Q

Degree of immunogenecity of a molecule is influenced by several
factors:

A

A. Foreignness
B. Chemical Complexity
C. Molecular Size
D. Genetic Composition
E. Route of Dosage and Timing

25
Same Individual and
Autologous antigen
26
B etween genetically identical individual ; Isograft
Syngeneic antigen
27
• Between different individuals with same species ; Homograft / Allograft
Allogeneic / Homologous Antigen
28
• Between different individuals of different species ; Xenograft
. Xenogeneic / Heterologous • Between different individuals of different species ; Xenograft
29
Sequestered Antigens
• Ex. Cornea , Thyroid Gland
30
• Occur in unrelated animal and plant species
Heterogenetic / Heterophilic Antigens
31
✓Most immunogenic organs
bone marrow, skin, islets of Langerhans, heart, kidney, liver, bone,
32
✓Least immunogenic:
cornea
33
CATEGORIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAFT REJECTION
Type Time of Tissue Damage Predominant Mechanism Hyperacute w/in minutes Humoral Accelerated 2-5 days Cell-Mediated Acute 7-21 days Cell-Mediated Chronic >3 months Cell-Mediated
34
CHEMICAL COMPLEXITY
1.protein 2. Glycoprotein 3.polysachh 4. Nucleic acid 5. Lipid
35
CHEMICAL COMPLEXITY
1.protein 2. Glycoprotein 3.polysachh 4. Nucleic acid 5. Lipid
36
Sizes immunogens
• Non Immunogenic = <5,000 daltons • Reasonable Immunogenic = >10,000 daltons • Excellent Immunogens = >1,000,000 daltons
37
- exerts genetic influence of an individual’s ability to respond to an immunogen
Major Histocompatbility Complex
38
Physical form
Physical form in general particulate antigens are more immunogenic than soluble ones and denatured antigens more immunogenic than the native form.
39
Degradability
Antigens that are easily phagocytosed are generally more immunogenic. This is because for the most antigens (T- dependent antigens) the development of an immune response requires that the antigen be phagocytosed, processed and presented to helper T cells by an antigen presenting cell (APC
40
Degradability
Antigens that are easily phagocytosed are generally more immunogenic. This is because for the most antigens (T- dependent antigens) the development of an immune response requires that the antigen be phagocytosed, processed and presented to helper T cells by an antigen presenting cell (APC
41
heterogenous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells.
Apc
42
denotes a situation in which two or more compounds that may have various degree of dissimilarity, share antigenic determinants
Cross reactivity
43
denotes a situation in which two or more compounds that may have various degree of dissimilarity, share antigenic determinants
Cross reactivity
44
– form of toxin may have one more antigenic determinants in common with the native toxin
TOXOID
45
– form of toxin may have one more antigenic determinants in common with the native toxin
TOXOID
46
Substance which when mixed with an immunogen, enhances the immune response against immunogen.
Adjuvants
47
Type of adjuvant
• CFA ( Complete Freund’s Adjuvants ) • Toxins and Polysaccharides • Alum precipitate
48
H h2O in oil emulsion of M. butyricum or B. pertussis (MTB
CFA or complete freund’s adjuvant
49
stimulates B cells
Lps
50
– stimulates T cells
Synthetic MDP
51
– stimulates T cells
Synthetic MDP
52
stimulates phagocytosis
Alum adjuvants -
53
stimulates phagocytosis
Alum adjuvants -
54
– from shark’s oil, for HIV vaccine (MF59)
Squaline
55
RELATIONSHIP OF ANTIGEN TO THE HOST
Genetic factor. Age Dose Route Adjuvant
56
Best route of antigen
Subcutaneous

Is (5 decks)

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