Antifungals Flashcards
What is the mode of action of antifungals
Inhibit cell wall formation
Disrupt protein synthesis
Amphortercin B uses
IV USE ONLY!!
Blastomyces
Aspergillus
Histoplasma
Amphortercin B toxicity
GI - vomiting
Anemia
Nephrotoxicity
(Canine - degree of renal toxicity)
(Cats are sensitive to- decrease dose )
Griseofluvin
Oral use for dermatophytosis
Not effective against other fungal dz
FUNGISTATIC!!
Dietary fat increases absorption
Griseofluvin - metabolism
Liver. Few passes to make water soluble
Metabolic exerted but kidney
Griseofluvin - toxicities
GI upset
Hepatoxicity ( photosensitization )
CATS increased sensitivity due to lack of enzyme for metabolism
Inhibits spermatogenesis
Teratogen - can cause skeletal and muscular malformations if given during the first trimester!
Nystatin -oral
Oral or GI Candida infection
Not absorbed systemically
Nystatin - topical
Often combined w other drugs
Yeast infection (ears/skin/mm)
Nystatin - toxicities
Rare
Increase in dose means GI upset
Antiviral agents
Not common in vet med
Ex.
Acyclovir
Amantadine
Azidothymidine
Trifuridine
Antiviral agents:
How do viruses act differently than bacteria?
They are incapable of reproducing on their own
Require cell invasion to take over metabolic pathways
Used orally to treat feline leukaemia and upper resp infections
(Calicivirus, herpes virus)
Interferon!
Is the main antiviral used in vet med
Also used in dogs- cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Imidazoles
Used as a topical - dilute and bathe
To treat ringworm (dogs and horses)
No toxicities!
Enilconazole (imaverol)
Imidazoles
Used as a topical for ringworm and some yeasts
Toxicity is rare
Miconazole
Imidazoles
topical - ringworm & yeast
ORAL - systematic infections (aspergillosis, blastomycosis)
Toxicity:
GI
hepatic toxicity - CATS
Teratogenic
Lightening of hair w chronic administration
Ketoconazole
