Antifungal & Antiviral drugs

Question 1

Fungal =

Answer 1

yeast, molds, mushroom

Question 2

Type of fungal infection?

Answer 2

1. Superficial = Skin, mucous membrane (candidiasis, tinea pedis)
2. deep inf (systemic) = internal organ (pneumonia, meningitis)

Question 3

Anti fungal drugs target?

Answer 3

-nucleic acid, cell wall synthesis, fungal cell membrane

Question 4

5 group antifungal?

Answer 4

• Polyenes (Nystatin)
• Azoles
• antimetabolic
• allylamine
• others

Question 5

Polyenes - Nystatin

Answer 5

• Suppress local candidiasis inf
• high toxic (use local only)
• ointment, tablet

Question 6

Azole (2 Classified) ?

Answer 6

1. Imidazoles (common)
   - micronazole
   - ketoconazole (must gv pre meal, absorb thru gastric mucosa)
2. Triazoles:
   - Fluconazole
   - Terconazole

Both group are:
structure related, same MOA, simliar antifungal spectrum

Question 7

Describe Azole.

Answer 7

• Synthetic antifungal
• broad spectrum
• Most common use

Question 8

Imidazoles

Answer 8

topical: miconazole
(dermatophyte inf, candida-oral, vaginal)

systemic: ketoconazole
- broad spectrum antifungal
- must gv pre meal, absorb thru gastric mucosa
- deep mycosis, candidiasis,
- not bind w amphotericin(polyenes)

Question 9

Triazoles - fluconazole =

Answer 9

Broad spectrum

• act on fungal cell membrane
• PO, IV, topical
• Candidia, cryptococcosis, dermatophytosis, systemic fungal inf

Question 10

Overview virus inf =

Answer 10

• virus x cell wall, made up of nucleic acid
• intracellular parasite
• use host enzyme
• attack along reproductive pathway

Question 11

Antiviral drugs

Answer 11

• prodrugs (must phosphorylated by viral/ enzyme -> active)

- Inhibit active replication

Question 12

Characteristic antiviral drugs?

Answer 12

• able enter cell
• interefere viral nucleic acid, ability of virus
• stimulate immune
• best respond = hv competent immnue system

Question 13

Common type of antiviral drugs. (2 type)

Answer 13

1. antiviral (inf cause by virus)
   MOA-inhibit viral replication
   -H1N1, herpes, zoster, cytomegalovirus, HEP ABC
   Adverse: healthy cell also kill -> serious toxicity
2. antiretroviral (HIV, AIDS)

Question 14

Anti viral drugs (4 classified)

Answer 14

• Anti herpes
• Anti influenza
• Anti cytomegalovirus
• Anti hepatitis

Question 15

Anti herpes - Acyclovir (for herpes & Zoster)

Answer 15

• topical, injection, PO (genital, cold sore)

- inhibit DNA synthesis : compete dGTP for viral DNA, Chain terminate

Question 16

Anti herpes - Cidofovir

Answer 16

tx cytomegalovirus retinitis (AIDS pt only)

Question 17

Anti influenza overview:

Answer 17

• by RNA virus (fam orthomyxoviridae=influenza ABC)

- Species (bird, pig)

Question 18

Type of anti influenza drugs?

Answer 18

M2 ion channel inhibator

• amantadine
• Rimantidin

Neuraminidase inhibator

• Oseltamivir
• Zanamivir

Question 19

anti influenza drugs- Amantadine

Answer 19

-inhibit replication Influenza A only!!!!

Question 20

anti influenza drugs - Zanamivir

Answer 20

tx Influenza A & B

MOA:
bind active neuraminidase protein
block neuraminidase
virus cant escape -> inf reduce

Question 21

Anti retrovirus drugs (ART) =

Answer 21

HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy

includes 3 meds (cocktails) -> reduce viral

Question 22

viruses =

Answer 22

• single/double RNA/DNA enclose protein
• obligate intracellular parasite
• replicate synthesis (host cell)
• Antiviral drug (blcok entry/exit) -> active @host cell

Question 23

Anti retrovirus drugs - Aim?

Answer 23

Aim: maximal suppress viral replication

• always combine at least 3 drugs
• lifelong therapy

Question 24

Classification of ART drugs?

Answer 24

1. Nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibators
   - Zidovudine (azido-thymidine, AZT)
2. Nonnucleosides reverse transcriptase ihibators
3. Protase inhibator
4. Entry inhibators-chemokine co-receptor antagonist
   - Maraviroc
5. fusion inhibator
   - Enfuvirtide
6. integrase inhibators