Antibacterial Drugs

Question 1

Body defence mechanism? Explain 3 defence mechanism.

Answer 1

1st line defence:
physical-skin(largest organ), mucous membrane(mouth)
Chemical - Sweat, ear wax

-> Penetrate

2nd line:
Phagocyte (WBC-askar)- Engulf pathogen
Eosinophil- enzyme

3rd line:
Immune system

->if still penetrate -> Infection occur

Question 2

Infection=

Answer 2

Invasion&multiply micro (bacteria, virus, pathogen)

Question 3

Type of infection? 2 type.

Answer 3

1. Community - not been hospitalize

2. Health care - Acquire @health care facility

Question 4

how to diagnose infection?

Answer 4

S&S: fever, high WBC, inflamme, pain, fatigue, pus (miro enter skin -> pus -> jerawat)
Examine fluid : Urine, blood, CSF
Organism: C&S

Question 5

Bacteria =

Answer 5

single cell

group by morphology

Question 6

How bacteria respond to gram stain procedure?

Answer 6

Purple = Gram+ (thick cell wall, peptidoglycan)
-staphylococcus Aureus

Red = Gram - (Complex cell wall, diff to treat!!!)

• Meningococcol infection
• Gonococcal
• Salmonella
• Plague

Question 7

Bacteria own enzyme for?

Answer 7

• form cell wall
• protein synthesis
• DNA replicate -> HIV
• RNA synthesis
• synthesis enssential metabolite

Question 8

Bacteria infection example=

Answer 8

Salmonella
E.coli
TB
MRSA
pneumonia
helicobacter
meningitis
GOnorrhea

Question 9

What is Antibacteria drugs?

Answer 9

• inhibit bacteria
• made from living organism (natural - penicillin)
• synthetic (Sulfonamides)
• Antibiotic

Question 10

Antibacterial drug classified?

Answer 10

-Natural
-semi synthetic
-Synthetic
bacterialcidal = kill bacteria
bacteristatic = slow down bac growth

Question 11

MOA antibacterial?

Answer 11

Attack bacterium’s internal cell processes -> destroy external cell wall -> kill organism -> bacterialcidal=kill bac & bacteriostatic = slow down growth

Question 12

MOA

Answer 12

Inhibit bacteria protein synthesis (bind ribosome)

• fail protein synthesis
• misreading RNA

Inhibit protein
-Aminoglycosides
MOA:
1. attach receptor protein (Streptomycin)
2. Blockage mRNA + formylmethionine + tRNA
3. Misreading mRNA, x amino acid into peptide

Question 13

Anti bacterial drugs =

Answer 13

• x effective (viral, parasite, fungal)

- pt hv viral also can hv bacteria

Question 14

Common side effect =

Answer 14

Nausea, vomit

Question 15

Uses of antibiotic?

Answer 15

1. Emperic antibiotic - Best, kill common inf
2. definitive therapy -tx narrow spectrum (specific bac)
3. Prophylactic therapy - 30min B4 procedure

Question 16

Way of solving resistance problem?

Answer 16

• Administer only if hv s&s & tested
• Avoid to use (known resistance drug)
• reduce topical antibiotic, use antiseptic
• reduce prophylactic
• use narrow spectrum
• Accurate diagnose = effective minimize side effect.

Question 17

Penicillin?

Answer 17

• Broad spectrum (gram + & -)
• safest antibiotic
• use for alpha-hemolytic streptococci
• prophylactic (congenital heart, surgery GI tract)

Question 18

M/A penicillin?

Answer 18

Interfere bacteria cell wall -> bind w specific enzyme (that bac needed) -> Bac weak & break down.

Question 19

Tetracyclines?

Answer 19

Broad spectrum

• Systemic therapy
• 1st choice for few disease: h.pyloric, cholera, typhus

Question 20

M/A tetracyclin?

Answer 20

Bacteriostatic agents -> interfere bac make protein -> x protein, bac x alive

Question 21

M/A Cephalosporin?

Answer 21

Bacterialcidal, interfere bac cell wall -> against gram +/-/ anaerobic bac

Question 22

Drug interaction Cephalopsorin?

Answer 22

w alcohol = collapse

must IV/IM (x absorp by GI)

Question 23

Sulphonamide (synthetic) M/A =

Answer 23

Bacteriostatic (prevent bacterial synthesis folic acid)
indication:
-borad spectrum
-high concentrate @kidney (UTI tx)
-tx opportunistic infection (weak immune)

Question 24

carbapenam M/A?

Answer 24

Broad spectrum

• penetrate bac wall -> interfere making vital cell wall -> cell death
• Bac meningitis, intaab inf, skin infection

Question 25

If half way taken antibiotic?

Answer 25

Bac mutation -> bac against body -> bacteria ad hv their protection -> resistance