Antidiabetic Drugs Flashcards
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Chemical Classification
Sulfonylurea (2nd generation)
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Functional Classification
Antidiabetic
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Mechanism of Action
Causes functioning beta cells in pancreas to release insulin; leading to drop in blood glucose levels; may improve insulin binding to insulin receptors or increase the number of insulin receptors with prolonged administration; may also reduce basal hepatic glucose secretion; not effective if patient lacks functioning beta cells
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Uses
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Side Effects
CNS: Headache, Weakness, Dizziness, Drowsiness, tinnitus, fatigue, vertigo
ENDO: HYPOGLYCEMIA
GI: HEPATOTOXICITY, CHOLESTATIC JAUNDICE, nausea, vomiting diarrhea, heartburn
HEMA: LEUKOPENIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, APLASTIC ANEMIA; increased AST, ALT, alk phos; PANCYTOPENIA, HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
INTEG: rash, allergic reactions, pruritus, urticaria, eczema, photosensitivity, erythema, allergic vasculitis
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Nursing Considerations
ASSESS:
- HYPO/HYPERGLYCEMIC REACTION that can occur soon after meals; for severe hypoglycemia give IV D50W, then IV dextrose solution
- Blood Glucose, A1c levels during treatment to determine diabetes control
- Blood Dyscrasias: CBC at baseline and throughout treatment; report decreased blood count
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Overdose Treatment
Glucose 25g IV via dextrose 50% sol, 50ml, 1mg glucagon, or carbohydrate depending on severity
Human Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Type
Rapid Acting
Human Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Onset
0.5-1 hr
Human Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Peak Action
2-4 hr
Human Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Nursing Implications
Not to be given IV
Give within 15 min of a meal
Human Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Insulin Overdose Treatment
Glucose 25g IV, via dextrose 50% sol, 50ml or glucagon 1mg
Insulin Aspart (NovoLog) (Type)
Rapid Acting
Insulin Aspart (NovoLog) (Onset)
5 to 15 min
Insulin Aspart (Novolog) (Peak Action)
0.75 to 1.5 hr
Insulin Aspart (NovoLog) (Nursing Implications)
Not to be given IV
Give within 15 min of a meal
Insulin Aspart (NovoLog) (Insulin Overdose Treatment)
Glucose 25g IV, via dextrose 50% sol, 50ml or glucagon 1mg
Regular Insulin (Human) (Type)
Short Acting
Regular Insulin (Human) (Peak Action)
2 to 3 hr
Regular Insulin (Human) (Nursing Implications)
Regular insulin may be given IV
Regular Insulin (Human) (Insulin Overdose Treatment)
Glucose 25g IV, via dextrose 50% sol, 50ml or glucagon 1mg
Regular Insulin (Human) (Onset)
30 to 60 min
Isophane insulin (NPH) (Onset)
1 to 2 hr