Antidiabetic drugs

Question 1

insulin lispro (Humalog)

Answer 1

rapid

Question 2

insulin aspart (NovoRapid)

Answer 2

rapid

Question 3

insulin glargine (Apidra)

Answer 3

rapid

Question 4

Rapid insulin onset

Answer 4

10-15 min

Question 5

regular insulin (Humalin R)

Answer 5

short acting insulin

Question 6

Novalin ge Toronto

Answer 6

short acting

Question 7

Short acting insulin onset

Answer 7

30 min

Question 8

insulin detemir (Levemir)

Answer 8

long acting insulin

Question 9

insulin glargine (Lantus)

Answer 9

long acting insulin

Question 10

Long acting insulin onset

Answer 10

90 min, dosed every 12 hrs

Question 11

insulin isophane (Humulin N)

Answer 11

intermediate insulin

Question 12

Novalin ge NPH

Answer 12

intermediate insulin

Question 13

intermediate insulin onset

Answer 13

1-3 hrs

Question 14

Signs of hypoglycemia

Answer 14

sweating, trembling, palpitations, anxiety, sensation of hunger.
difficulty concentrating, confusion, weakness, drowsiness, vision changes, difficulty speaking, dizziness, headache, hyperthermia, and seizures

Question 15

Treatment of hypoglycemia

Answer 15

Glucagon
15 grams of glucose- 4 glucose tabs
three pkgs sugar dissolved in water, 8 life saver candies, 175 mL reg soft drink or juice, 1 pkg rockets candy, or 15 mL honey, D50W

Question 16

Which insulins can be mixed?

Answer 16

Not long acting

Question 17

Mixing order of insulins

Answer 17

Cloudy, clear, clear, cloudy

Question 18

Insulin drug interactions

Answer 18

corticosteroids, niacin, diuretics, sympathomimetics, thyroid drugs, alcohol, anabolic steroids, sulfa antibiotics, MAOIs, salicylates, non selective beta blockers

Question 19

IV administration of insulin in unconscious patient

Answer 19

IV admin of D50W

Question 20

Works by primarily inhibiting hepatic glucose production and increasing the sensitivity in peripheral tissue to insulin

Answer 20

Metformin MOA

Question 21

Characterized by a lack of insulin production or by the production of defective insulin, which results in hyperglycemia

Answer 21

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Question 22

caused by genetic and environmental factors that result in both insulin resistance and insulin deficiency (no absolute lack)

Answer 22

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Question 23

How is diabetes diagnosed (Type 1)

Answer 23

fasting plasma glucose level equal or high than 7 or a1c higher than 6.5 in adults, OR two hr plasma glucose level of 11.1 or higher during a 75g oral glucose intolerance test OR ransom plasma glucose of 11.1 or higher

Question 24

Onset 10-15 min
Peak 1-2 hours
Duration 3-5 hrs (patient must eat after injection)

Answer 24

Rapid acting insulin pharmacokinetics

Question 25

The health care provider has prescribed insulin therapy for a patient. What side effect would be most important for the nurse to monitor?
a) hyperglycemia
b) hypoglycemia
c) bradycardia
d) orthostatic hypotension

Answer 25

b) hypoglycemia

Question 26

The health care provider has ordered a dose of long acting insulin to be administered at bedtime for a diabetic patient. Which of the following types of insulin would the nurse administer to the patient?
a) Regular (Novalin)
b) Lispro (Humalog)
c) NPH (Novalin ge)
d) Glargine (Lantus)

Answer 26

d) glargine (Lantus)

Question 27

A patient admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis is to be placed on an insulin infusion to control blood glucose levels. Which of the following types of insulin would be ordered for this patient?
a) regular ( Novolin)
b) lispro (Humalog)
c) NPH (Novolin ge)
d) glargine (Lantus)

Answer 27

a) regular (Novolin)

Question 28

A patient is receiving insulin therapy. Which of the following clinical manifestations would alert the nurse that the patient has developed hypoglycemia?
a) decreased pulse and respiratory rates and flushed skin
b) increased pulse rate and a fruity acetone breath odor
c) weakness, sweating and confusion
d) increased urine output and edema

Answer 28

c) weakness, sweating, and confusion

Question 29

The nurse is to administer oral acarbose (Glucobay) to a patient. When should the nurse administer this medication?
a) 15 min before a meal
b) 30 min before a meal
c) with the first bite of a meal
d) 1 hour after eating

Answer 29

c) with the first bite of a meal

Question 30

A patient taking rosiglitazone (Avandia) tells the nurse “There’s insulin in my pill!” Which of the following correctly describes how rosiglitazone acts?
a) it acts by stimulating the cells of the pancreas to produce insulin
b) it acts by decreasing insulin resistance
c) it acts by inhibiting hepatic glucose production
d) it acts by decreasing the intestinal absorption of glucose

Answer 30

b) it acts by decreasing insulin resistance

Question 31

The health care provider has prescribed sitagliptin (Januvia). Which of the following medications would be contraindicated for this patient?
a) corticosteroids
b) sulphonylureas
c) thyroid drugs
d) NSAIDs

Answer 31

b) sulphonylureas