Antidepressants Flashcards
the most common psychiatric illness
depression
MAOIs to remember
Isocarboxazide
Phenelzine
Selegiline transdermal
Tranylcypromine
MAIOS are prescribed for?
major depression
MAOIS work by blocking monoamine oxidase- the enzyme that breaks down
dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine
Clients taking an MAIO must avoid food containing
Tyramine
if a client is taking a MAIO they should avoid medications that would increase neurotransmitters. what are some examples
other antidepressants
OTC cold meds
Meperidine ( strong pain med)
Triptans ( migraine med)
MAIO adverse effects
Hypertensive crisis
serotonin syndrome
orthostatic hypotension
serotonin syndrome is characterized by?
altered mental status
clonus
involuntary rhythm muscle movement
Tricyclic Antidepressants you should know
amitriptyline
Nortiptyline
What does TCAs treat
major depression
neuropathic pain
anxiety disorders
How to TCAs work
block serotonin NE reuptake pumps.
increases 5-HT, DA, NE levels in synapses
TCAS adverse effects
anticholinergic effects
orthostatic hypotension
cardiotoxicity
what is the most serious problem with TCAS
fatal heart dysrhythmias when overdosed.
if a client is suicidal should they take a TCA
NO
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Escitalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline
What is the first line drug to treat depression, and what else does it treat
SSI, anxiety
Adverse effects of SSRIs
stomach problems slow metabolism sexual dysfunction suicidal ideation sedation- fluoxetine is an exception
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Duloxetine
Venlafaxine
Common uses of SNRIS
major depression
duloxetine- neuropathic pain
Venlafaxine- anxiety disorders
venlafaxine and duloxetine block
the reuptake of 5-HT and NE
SNRIS adverse effects
similar to SSIs except they can cause hypertension especially if the dose is high.
Miscellaneous Antidepressants
Bupropion
Trazodone
common uses of antidepressants
Bupropion - depression smoking cessation adult adhd Trazadone- depression insomnia primarily
adverse effects of bupropion
any contraindication factors?
increased libido weight loss primary adverse effects- anxiety and insomnia clients that have a risk for seizures
Trazadone adverse effects
strong sedative and anticholinergic effects
very rare cases it can cause priapism.
What food substance must clients avoid when takin an MAIOs?
tyramine
what are examples of tyramine rich foods
smoked/pickled fish
Old cheese
What drugs should clients avoid while taking MAIOS
OTC cold meds
other antidepressants
Meperidine
Triptans
which type of antidepressant is very dangerous if overdosed
TCAs
what side effects are common with TCA’s
orthostatic hypertension
anticholinergic effects
cardiotoxicity
what are five common side effects SSRIs
stomach troubles slow metabolism sexual dysfunction suicidal ideation Sedation
besides depression , what other problem do SNRIs treatment
neuropathic pain and depression
which antidepressant can help clients quit smoking
bupropion
How are bupropion’s adverse effects different from most other antidepressants?
increase libido
isn’t likely to cause weight gain
what antidepressant is commonly used to treat insomnia
trazadone
how long does it take antidepressants to relieve depression
a few weeks
what black box warning do most all antidepressants have
increase suicidal thoughts
which age group is at most risk of developing suicidal ideation
18 years or younger
what if an adolescent is taking an antidepressant for a reason other than depression? does the black box warning still apply to them?
yes
