Anticipating Patterns Flashcards
Probability
A measure of the likelihood of an event
Sample Space
A set of all possible outcomes of an experiment
Tree Diagram
Useful in determining the sample space for an experiment and finding specific probabilities
Probability Rules
Rule 1: 0<1
Rule 2: The sum of all probabilities are equal to 1
Impossible Event
An event that can never occur (Probability is 0)
Sure Event
An event that occurs every time (Probability is 1)
Odds in Favor of an Event
A ratio of the probability of the occurrence of an event to the probability of it not occurring
(P(A Occurring)/P (A Not Occurring))
Complement
A set of all possible outcomes in a sample space that does not lead to the event
Disjoint/Mutually Exclusive Events
Events that have no outcomes in common
Union
The set of all possible outcomes that lead to at least one or two events
Intersection
The set of all possible outcomes that both events share
Conditional Event
A set outcomes for an event given that another event has already occurred
Independent
The occurrence of one event does not affect of another event
Variable
A quantity whose value varies from subject to subject
Probability Experiment
An experiment whose possible outcomes may be known but whose exact outcome is a random event and cannot be predicted with certainty in advance
Random Variable
An outcome of a probability experiment
Discrete Random Variable
A quantitative variable that takes a countable number of values
Continuous Random Variable
A quantitative variable that can take all the possible values in a given range
Discrete Probability Distribution
A table, graph, or formula giving all possible values taken by a random variable and their corresponding probabilities
Expected Value
The mean of a discrete random variable
Combination
The number of ways r items can be selected out of n items if the order of selection is not important
Standard Normal
The normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
Parameter
A numerical measure of a population
Statistic
A numerical measure of a sample
Sampling Distribution
The probability distribution of a statistic
Standard Error
The standard deviation of a statistic
