Anticholinergics Flashcards
Anticholinergics antagonize the effects of ACh at WHAT muscarinic receptors:
- Heart
- Salivary Glands
- Smooth muscle GI and GU tracts
T/F: Anticholinergic exert little or no effect at nicotinic receptors called the neromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia.
True
What anticholinergics are naturally occurring tertiary amines:
- Atropine
- Scopolamine
What anticholinergics are semisynthetic congeners (Quaternary ammonium):
Glycopyrrolate
T/F: Tertiary amines cannot cross the BBB.
False
Semisynthetic congeners (quaternary ammonium) can cross the BBB:
False
T/F: Anticholinergics are competitive antagonists:
True
Do anticholinergics prevent the release of ACh or react with it?
NO
What are the 5 distnct subtypes of muscarinic cholinergic receptors:
- M1 - CNS and Stomach
- M2 - Lungs and Heart
- M3 CNS, Airway, Smooth muscle, Glandular tissue
- M4 - CNS
- M5 - CNS
What muscarinic cholinergic receptor does not act with the CNS:
M2
T/F: At small doses anticholinergic drugs can produce heart rate slowing due to direct agonist effect.
True
What is the onset of iV atropine:
1 minute (Half life 2-3 hours)
What is the onset of IV glycopyrrolate:
2-3 minutes (Half life 1.25 hours)
What are anticholinergic uses:
- Preoperative medication
- Sedation
- Antisialagogue
- Prevent vagal reflexes
- Treat reflex-mediated bradycardia
- Combined with anticholinesterase drugs
- Bronchodilitation
- Prevent motion-induced nausea
T/F: (Sedation) Atropine is 100x more potent the atropine to decrease activity of the R.A.S.
False (Scopolamine is 100x…)