Antibody Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

RAG-1/2

A

Recombination activation genes

Mutation in these leads to host who is susceptible to a large variety of pathogens due to low number of B and T cells

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2
Q

somatic recombination

A

generates huge B cell repertoire, permanently alters the gremline DNA

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3
Q

kappa chain

A

chromosome 2

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4
Q

lambda chain

A

chromosome 22

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5
Q

heavy chain

A

chromosome 14

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6
Q

Heavy chain somatic recombination

A

D recombines with V
VD recombines with J to produce VDJ which encodes the variable region
VDJ recombines with C
occurs first before light chain recombination

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7
Q

Light chain recombination

A

V recombines with J
VJ is the variable region
VJ then recombines with C
kappa occurs first then lambda

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8
Q

terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt)

A

catalyzes the addition of random nucleotides between the gene segments that are joined
(heavy chains of B cells and beta chains of T cells only)

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9
Q

somatic hypermutation

A

when B cell proliferates it accumulates mutations affected the variable region, those mutations that confer better specificity for antigens are selected for resulting in affinity maturation

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10
Q

T/F class switching only changes the constant regions of the heavy chains?

A

true

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11
Q

T/F class switching affects the function of the antibody but not the specificity?

A

true

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12
Q

Why is class switching to IgD not possible?

A

No switch region precedes it

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13
Q

activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID)

A
catalyzes recombination events leading to class switching 
also required for somatic hypermutation
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14
Q

Class switching is driven by ____

A

T helper cells

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15
Q

Hyper IgM syndrome

A

due to a genetic deficiency of AID, can’t class switch

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16
Q

IL-7

A

produced by bone marrow stream cells, important in growth/development of B cells
Lack of this does not affect B cell number but B cells are nonfunctional

17
Q

Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase

A

important for proper signal transduction from cell-surface receptors during B cell development
genetic deficiency of this leads to low number of B cells

18
Q

mature B cell has on its surface

A

IgM and IgD

19
Q

allelic exclusion

A

ensures that only one chromosome is active in encoding heavy and light chains

20
Q

consequence if allelic exclusion were employed

A

multiple different B cell receptors with different affinity would be on one B cell