Antibiotics Others Flashcards by C W

Lipopeptides and Glycopeptides

Vancomycin

PK/PD: AUC/MIC (PO not absorbed)

Forms: IV, PO (not absorbed)

Renal: Yes (TDM)

ADR/DDI: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Red Man Synd

Tx: MRSA

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Lipopeptides and Glycopeptides

Daptomycin

PK/PD: Cmax/MIC (Do not use for PNA)

Forms: IV

Renal: Yes

ADR/DDI: CPK (Creatine Phosphokinase)/Rhabdomyolysis, Eosinophilic PNA

Tx: MRSA, VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus) both vanA and vanB, Do not use for PNA (pneumonia) bc it is deactivated by lung serfactants

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Lipopeptides and Glycopeptides

Telavancin

PK/PD:

Forms: IV

Renal: Yes

ADR/DDI: Nephrotoxicity, Increased mortality, QTc prolongation

Tx: MRSA, VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus) vanB only

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Lipopeptides and Glycopeptides

Dalbavancin

PK/PD: Long T 1/2 (single dose therapy)

Forms: IV

Renal: Yes

ADR/DDI: Red Man Synd

Tx: MRSA, VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus) vanB only

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Lipopeptides and Glycopeptides

Oritavancin

PK/PD: Long T 1/2 (single dose therapy)

Forms: IV

Renal:

ADR/DDI: Red Man Synd

Tx: MRSA, VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus) both vanA and vanB

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Polymyxins

Polymyxin B

PK/PD:

Forms: IV

Renal: No

ADR/DDI: Nephrotoxicity, Neurotoxicity

Tx: PsA, Reserved for MDR (major drug resistant) organisms

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Polymyxins

Colistin

PK/PD:

Forms: IV or inhalation

Renal: Yes

ADR/DDI: Nephrotoxicity, Neurotoxicity, Bronchospasm (inhalation)

Tx: PsA, Reserved for MDR (major drug resistant) organisms

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Fosfomycin

PK/PD: Long T 1/2 (single dose for cystitis)

Forms: PO (sachet of powder)

Renal: Yes

ADR/DDI:

Tx: Urinary Enterics

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Macrolides

Azithromycin

PK/PD: Static

Forms: IV, PO

Renal: No

ADR/DDI:

Tx: Strep, Atypicals

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Macrolides

Clarithromycin

PK/PD: Static

Forms: PO

Renal: No

ADR/DDI: CYP3A4 Inhib

Tx: Strep, Atypicals

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Macrolides

Erythromycin

PK/PD: Static

Forms: IV, PO

Renal: No

ADR/DDI: CYP 3A4 Inhib, Diarrhea, QTc prolongation

Tx: Strep, Atypicals

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Macrolides

Fidaxomicin

PK/PD: Static

Forms: PO

Renal: No

ADR/DDI:

Tx: C. difficile

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Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

PK/PD: Cmax/MIC (GP synergy with conventional dosing vs QD dosing)

Forms: IV

Renal: Yes (TDM)

ADR/DDI: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity

Tx: Broad spectrum Enteric, PsA, Can have GP w/Synergy

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Aminoglycosides

Tobramycin

PK/PD: Cmax/MIC (GP synergy with conventional dosing vs QD dosing)

Forms: IV, inhaled

Renal: Yes (TDM)

ADR/DDI: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity

Tx: Broad spectrum Enteric, PsA, Can have GP w/Synergy

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Aminoglycosides

Amikacin

PK/PD: Cmax/MIC (GP synergy with conventional dosing vs QD dosing)

Forms: IV

Renal: Yes (TDM)

ADR/DDI: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity

Tx: Broad spectrum Enteric, PsA, Can have GP w/Synergy

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Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin

PK/PD: Cmax/MIC (GP synergy with conventional dosing vs QD dosing)

Forms: IV

Renal: Yes (TDM)

ADR/DDI: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity

Tx: Mainly TB

Tetracyclines

Doxycycline

PK/PD: Static

Forms: IV, PO

Renal: No

ADR/DDI: Sclerosing (PO - esophagitis, IV - phlebitis), Photosensitivity, Divalent cations DDI, Tissue discoloration

Tx: Strep, CA-MRSA, Atypicals

Tetracyclines

Minocycline

PK/PD: Static

Forms: IV, PO

Renal: No

ADR/DDI: Sclerosing (PO - esophagitis, IV - phlebitis), Photosensitivity, Divalent cations DDI, Tissue discoloration

Tx: Strep, CA-MRSA, Atypicals

Tetracyclines

Tetracycline

PK/PD: Static

Forms: PO

Renal: Yes

ADR/DDI: Sclerosing (PO - esophagitis, IV - phlebitis), Photosensitivity, Divalent cations DDI, Tissue discoloration

Tx: Strep, CA-MRSA, Atypicals

Glycylcyclines

Tigecycline

PK/PD: Static

Forms: IV

Renal: No

ADR/DDI: Severe N/V, Increased mortality

Tx: VRE, MRSA, Broad spectrum enteric anaerobes, atypicals

Lincosamides

Clindamycin

PK/PD: Static (inhibits toxin production)

Forms: IV, PO (IV dose > PO dose)

Renal: No

ADR/DDI: N/V, Infectious diarrhea (C. difficile)

Tx: Strep, CA-MRSA, Anaerobes

Oxazolidinones

Linezolid

PK/PD: Static (inhibits toxin production)

Forms: IV, PO

Renal: No

ADR/DDI: Thrombocytopenia, Mitochondrial toxicity (PN, Optic N, Lactic Acid), Serotonergic DDI

Tx: Strep, MRSA, VRE

Oxazolidinones

Tedizolid

PK/PD: Static (inhibits toxin production)

Forms: IV, PO

Renal: No

ADR/DDI: Thrombocytopenia, Mitochondrial toxicity (PN, Optic N, Lactic Acid), Serotonergic DDI

Tx: Strep, MRSA, VRE

Streptogrammins

Quinopristin + Dalfopristin

PK/PD:

Forms: IV

Renal: No

ADR/DDI: Myalgias, Phlebitis, Hyperbilirubinemia, CYP450 Inhib

Tx: Strep, MRSA, VRE

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin PK/PD: Cmax/MIC Forms: IV, PO Renal: Yes ADR/DDI: Tendonitis, Cartilage toxicity (pregnancy and pediatrics), Photosensitivity, QTc prolongation, Divalent cation DDI Tx: PsA (Anti-PsA), Atypicals (All FQs)

Fluoroquinolones

Levofloxacin PK/PD: Cmax/MIC Forms: IV, PO Renal: Yes ADR/DDI: Tendonitis, Cartilage toxicity (pregnancy and pediatrics), Photosensitivity, QTc prolongation, Divalent cation DDI Tx: S. pneumo (Respiratory), PsA (Anti-PsA), Atypicals (All FQs)

Fluoroquinolones

Moxifloxacin PK/PD: Cmax/MIC Forms: IV, PO Renal: No ADR/DDI: Tendonitis, Cartilage toxicity (pregnancy and pediatrics), Photosensitivity, QTc prolongation, Divalent cation DDI Tx: S. pneumo (Respiratory), Anaerobes (anaerobic), Atypicals (All FQs)

Antifolates

TMP/SMX PK/PD: Cidal 5:1 to 20:1 ratio synergy dose in TMP Forms: IV, PO Renal: Yes ADR/DDI: Rash (includes SJS and TEN), Hyperkalemia, Cytopenia, G6PD deficiency, CYP2C9 inhib (warf) Tx: CA-MRSA

Nitroimidazoles

Metronidazole PK/PD: Cidal Forms: IV, PO Renal: No ADR/DDI: Metallic taste, Disulfiram Rxn Tx: Anaerobes

Rifamycins

Rifampin PK/PD: Cidal, Biofilm penetrate Forms: IV, PO Renal: No ADR/DDI: Red - Orange fluids, CYP3A4 inducer, Hepatitis Tx: Strep, MRSA

Nitrofurantoin

Nitrofurantoin PK/PD: Rapid clearance to urine (do not use Pyelo) Forms: PO Renal: Yes (Contraindicated CrCl < 60 ml/min) ADR/DDI: G6PD deficiency, High toxicity (pulmonary fibrosis) in renal failure Tx: Enterics