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PPP Spring > Antibiotics - MOA + drug names > Flashcards

Antibiotics - MOA + drug names Flashcards

1
Q

What antibiotics are inhibitors of cell wall synthesis?

A

Beta lactams:
PCNs, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems

Glycopeptides: vancomycin

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2
Q

What antibiotics are cell membrane active agents?

A

Lipopeptides:

Daptomycin

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3
Q

What antibiotics are cell synthesis inhibitor + cell membrane active agents?

A

Lipoglycopeptides:

Telavancin

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4
Q

What is the MOA of

Beta lactams

A

Inhibit transpeptidase
(“PBP” - enzyme that catalyze crosslinking)

= inhibits cross-linking = cell wall loses strength = cell lysis = bacteriCIDAL

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5
Q

What are mechanisms of resistance for penicillin?

A
  • inactivation by penicillinases
  • structural changes in PBPs
  • (gram neg.) changes that impair drug entry
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6
Q

What are first generation penicillins?

A 
Penicillin G (IV)
Penicillin V (PO)
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7
Q

What are second generation penicillins?

A

Methicillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin

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8
Q

What are third generation Penicillins?

A

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

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9
Q

What are beta-lactamase inhibitors?

A

Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

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10
Q

What are beta-lactamase inhibitors coformulated with?

A

3rd generation PCNs

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11
Q

What is the 4th generation penicillin?

A

Piperacillin

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12
Q

Which PCNs are narrow vs. wider spectrum?

A

Narrow - 1st + 2nd

Wider = 3rd + 4th

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13
Q

What are 1st gen PCN good for?

A

Gram+

Syphillis

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14
Q

What are 2nd gen PCNs good for?

A

MSSA

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15
Q

What are 3rd gen PCNs good for?

A

Gram+
Syphilis
Some gram- (HELP)

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16
Q

What bacteria are HELP?

A

Haemophilus influenza
Escherichia Coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Proteus mirabilis

L = gram+
(The rest are gram-)

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17
Q

What is 3rd gen. + beta-lactamase inhibitors good for?

A

Gram+
Syphillis
HNEPK

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18
Q

What bacteria are HNEPK?

A 
Haemophilus influenza
Neisseria ssp
Proteus mirabilis
E. Coli
Kyle si Ella

(All = gram-)

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19
Q

What bacteria are CaPES?

A 
Citrobacter
(Acinetobacter - poor )
Pseudomonas
Enterobacter
Serratia
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20
Q

What is 4th gen PCNs good for?

A

+beta-lactamase inhibitors

HNEPK + CaPES

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21
Q

What is the MOA of cephalosporins?

A

Similar to PCN but more stable against beta-lactamases

22
Q

What are first generation cephalosporins?

A

Cefazolin

Cephalexin

23
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for 1st gen cephalosporins?

A

Gram+

PEK
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella

24
Q

What are the second gen. Cephalosporins?

A

Cefuroxime
Cefoxitin
Cefotetan

25
Q

What’s the coverage of second gen cephalosporins?

A

HNPEK

26
Q

What are third gen cephalosporins?

A

Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime

(Trix, tax, taz)

27
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for 3rd gen cephalosporins?

A

HNPEK + CaPES

28
Q

What is fourth gen cephalosporin?

A

Cefepime

29
Q

What is 5th gen cephalosporin?

A

Ceftaroline

30
Q

What is the MOA of monobactams?

A

Like PCN, inhibit cell wall synthesis

31
Q

Name a monobactams

A

Aztreonam

32
Q

What is the MOA of carbapenems?

A

Like PCN, inhibit cell wall synthesis

33
Q

What drugs are carbapenems?

A

Imipenem

Meropenem

34
Q

What is the MOA of vancomycin (glycopeptide)?

A

Binds to D-Ala-D-Ala to prevent cross-linking in cell wall synthesis

(Targets peptide. Vs beta lactams which target enzyme)

35
Q

What is a mechanism of resistance to vancomycin?

A

Modification of AA binding site to D-Ala-D-Lactate

36
Q

What drugs are lipopeptides?

A

Daptomycin

37
Q

What is the MOA of daptomycin?

A

Interferes with inner cell membrane by intercalating into membrane and creating a channel

38
Q

Name a lipoglycopeptide drug

A

Telavancin

39
Q

What is the MOA of Telavancin

A

Binds D-Ala-D-Ala to prevent cross-linking
(Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

Also Incorporates into cell membrane to depolarize it and make it more permeable

40
Q

What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitors - Interfere with initiation codon

Membrane damage

41
Q

What is the MOA of oxazolidinones?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor - interferes with initiation codon

42
Q

What is the MOA of tetracyclines?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor - blocks attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to acceptor site

43
Q

What is the MOA of chloramphenicol?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor - inhibits activity of peptidyl transferase/formation of peptide bond

44
Q

What is the MOA of macrolides?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor - inhibits the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor to donor site

45
Q

What is the MOA of clindamycin?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor - inhibits the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor to donor site

46
Q

What is the MOA of streptogamins?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor - inhibits the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor to donor site

47
Q

What drugs are aminoglycosides?

A

Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Streptomycin

48
Q

What drugs are Oxazolidnones?

A

Linezolid

Tedizolid

49
Q

What drugs are tetracyclines?

A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tigecycline

50
Q

What drugs are macrolides?

A

EryTHROMYCIN
AziTHROMYCIN
ClariTHROMYCIN
Telithromycin

51
Q

What drugs are streptogramins?

A

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

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