Antibiotics - MOA + drug names Flashcards by Serinna Singh

What antibiotics are inhibitors of cell wall synthesis?

Beta lactams:
PCNs, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems

Glycopeptides: vancomycin

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What antibiotics are cell membrane active agents?

Lipopeptides:

Daptomycin

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What antibiotics are cell synthesis inhibitor + cell membrane active agents?

Lipoglycopeptides:

Telavancin

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What is the MOA of

Beta lactams

Inhibit transpeptidase
(“PBP” - enzyme that catalyze crosslinking)

= inhibits cross-linking = cell wall loses strength = cell lysis = bacteriCIDAL

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What are mechanisms of resistance for penicillin?

inactivation by penicillinases
structural changes in PBPs
(gram neg.) changes that impair drug entry

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What are first generation penicillins?

Penicillin G (IV)
Penicillin V (PO)

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What are second generation penicillins?

Methicillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin

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What are third generation Penicillins?

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

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What are beta-lactamase inhibitors?

Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

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What are beta-lactamase inhibitors coformulated with?

3rd generation PCNs

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What is the 4th generation penicillin?

Piperacillin

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Which PCNs are narrow vs. wider spectrum?

Narrow - 1st + 2nd

Wider = 3rd + 4th

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What are 1st gen PCN good for?

Gram+

Syphillis

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What are 2nd gen PCNs good for?

MSSA

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What are 3rd gen PCNs good for?

Gram+
Syphilis
Some gram- (HELP)

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What bacteria are HELP?

Haemophilus influenza
Escherichia Coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Proteus mirabilis

L = gram+
(The rest are gram-)

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What is 3rd gen. + beta-lactamase inhibitors good for?

Gram+
Syphillis
HNEPK

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What bacteria are HNEPK?

Haemophilus influenza
Neisseria ssp
Proteus mirabilis
E. Coli
Kyle si Ella

(All = gram-)

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What bacteria are CaPES?

Citrobacter
(Acinetobacter - poor )
Pseudomonas
Enterobacter
Serratia

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What is 4th gen PCNs good for?

+beta-lactamase inhibitors

HNEPK + CaPES

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What is the MOA of cephalosporins?

Similar to PCN but more stable against beta-lactamases

What are first generation cephalosporins?

Cefazolin

Cephalexin

What is the spectrum of activity for 1st gen cephalosporins?

Gram+

PEK
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella

What are the second gen. Cephalosporins?

Cefuroxime
Cefoxitin
Cefotetan

What's the coverage of second gen cephalosporins?

HNPEK

What are third gen cephalosporins?

Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Ceftazidime (Trix, tax, taz)

What is the spectrum of activity for 3rd gen cephalosporins?

HNPEK + CaPES

What is fourth gen cephalosporin?

Cefepime

What is 5th gen cephalosporin?

Ceftaroline

What is the MOA of monobactams?

Like PCN, inhibit cell wall synthesis

Name a monobactams

Aztreonam

What is the MOA of carbapenems?

Like PCN, inhibit cell wall synthesis

What drugs are carbapenems?

Imipenem | Meropenem

What is the MOA of vancomycin (glycopeptide)?

Binds to D-Ala-D-Ala to prevent cross-linking in cell wall synthesis (Targets peptide. Vs beta lactams which target enzyme)

What is a mechanism of resistance to vancomycin?

Modification of AA binding site to D-Ala-D-Lactate

What drugs are lipopeptides?

Daptomycin

What is the MOA of daptomycin?

Interferes with inner cell membrane by intercalating into membrane and creating a channel

Name a lipoglycopeptide drug

Telavancin

What is the MOA of Telavancin

Binds D-Ala-D-Ala to prevent cross-linking (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor) Also Incorporates into cell membrane to depolarize it and make it more permeable

What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?

Protein synthesis inhibitors - Interfere with initiation codon Membrane damage

What is the MOA of oxazolidinones?

Protein synthesis inhibitor - interferes with initiation codon

What is the MOA of tetracyclines?

Protein synthesis inhibitor - blocks attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to acceptor site

What is the MOA of chloramphenicol?

Protein synthesis inhibitor - inhibits activity of peptidyl transferase/formation of peptide bond

What is the MOA of macrolides?

Protein synthesis inhibitor - inhibits the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor to donor site

What is the MOA of clindamycin?

Protein synthesis inhibitor - inhibits the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor to donor site

What is the MOA of streptogamins?

Protein synthesis inhibitor - inhibits the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor to donor site

What drugs are aminoglycosides?

Gentamicin Tobramycin Amikacin Streptomycin

What drugs are Oxazolidnones?

Linezolid | Tedizolid

What drugs are tetracyclines?

Tetracycline Doxycycline Minocycline Tigecycline

What drugs are macrolides?

EryTHROMYCIN AziTHROMYCIN ClariTHROMYCIN Telithromycin

What drugs are streptogramins?

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin