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Phase 1 Drugs AM Edits > Antibiotics COPY > Flashcards

Antibiotics COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

A

LMCC-50 TA-30
Macrolides (50s)
Aminoglycosides (30s)
Lincosamides (50s)
Tetracyclines (30s)
Phenicols (50s)

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2
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA

A

Inhibit DNA/nucleic acid synthesis

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3
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

Inhibit folic acid synthesis

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4
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Inhibits nucleic acid/DNA synthesis

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5
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

Cephalosporins
Penicillins
Carbapenems
Glycopeptides
Polymixins (target cell membrane function)

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6
Q

Bacteriostatic drugs

A

“The static likes the clean monitor”
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides
Lincosamides
Trimethoprim (TMS is cidal)
Chloramphenicol
Macrolides

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7
Q

Bacteriocidal drugs

A

Aminoglycosides
Polymixins
Metronidazole
Glycopeptides
Fluoroquinolones
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Penicillins
TMS

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8
Q

Time dependent drugs

A

Penicillins
Carbapenems
Cephalosporins
Glycopeptides
Lincosamides
Phenicols
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Polymixins
Sulfonamides

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9
Q

Concentration dependent drugs

A

“Always make fresh applejuice”

Aminoglycosides
Metronidazole
Fluoroquinolones
Azithromycin

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides: coverage and drug examples

A

Gram - and pseudomonas
Streptomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, neomycin

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11
Q

Cephalosporins: 1st gen coverage and drug examples

A

G+>G- and moderate anaerobes
Cefazolin, cephalexin

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12
Q

Cephalosporins: 2nd gen coverage and drug examples

A

G+ > G- and good for anaerobes
Cefoxitin (great for anaerobes)

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13
Q

Cephalosporins: 3rd gen coverage and drug examples

A

G - > G+ (except not cocci), excellent for anaerobes
Cefovecin (convenia), cefpodoxime

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14
Q

Tetracyclines coverage

A

G+, poor for G - /anaerobes

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15
Q

Penicillins: types and their coverage

A

Naturals: G+ and anaerobes
Aminopenicillins: G +/- and anaerobes
Anti-pseudomonal: pseudomonas
Anti-staphylococcal: G+ and anaerobes. Not MRSA
B-lactamase inhibitors: G +/- and anaerobes

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16
Q

Sulfonamides coverage

A

Gram +/- and anaerobes and Nocardia

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17
Q

Fluoroquinolones coverage

A

G+/- but poor for anaerobes

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18
Q

Macrolides: coverage and drug examples

A

Gram + and anaerobes
Azithromycin, tylosin, erythromycin (has some G- coverage)

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19
Q

Carbapenems coverage

A

Gram +/- and anaerobes
Widest coverage

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20
Q

Lincosamides: coverage and drug examples

A

G+ and anaerobes
Clindamycin, lincosamycin

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21
Q

Glycopeptides: coverage and drug examples

A

Gram + and anaerobes
Vancomycin

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22
Q

Chloramphenicol coverage
What is it resitant to

A

Anaerobes > G+ > G-
Resistance in Pseudomonas

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23
Q

Metronidazole coverage

A

Anaerobes
Antiprotozoal infections

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24
Q

Polymixin coverage

A

Gram - including Pseudomonas

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25
Indications for natural penicillins
Clostridial disease, listeriosis, actinomycoses, anaerobic infections
26
Aminopenicillin indications
Cat abscesses, uncomplicated UTI. NOT FOR SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS
27
Clavamox indications
Everything other than CNS, prostate, and bronchus
28
Penicillin side effects
Low toxicity Hypersensitivity and GI
29
Indications for Carbapenems
Highly resistant infections, especially MDR G- infections
30
Indications for cephalosporins
Susceptible staphylococcus, UTIs, surgical prophylaxis, skin infections, osteomyelitis, discospondylitis 3rd gen reserved for G- and anaerobes, especially enterobacteria
31
Carbapenem side effects
GI, CNS, renal failure, hypersensitivity and phlebitis
32
Cephalosporins side effects
GI and rare hypersensitivity reactions
33
Fluoroquinolone indications
90-100% of respiratory, intestinal, urinary and skin infections, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis Great for deep-seated infections and IC pathogens
34
Fluoroquinolone side effects
GI, cartilage deformities in growing dogs, neurologic abnormalities (seizures when combined with NSAIDs), and ocular disease in cats (retinal degeneration, blindness)
35
Glycopeptides (vancomycin) indications
IV MDR staph or enterococcus infections or PO for C. difficile
36
Glycopeptides side effects
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, arrest, hypotension
37
Lincosamide indications
Penetrating biofilm with dental disease, strep/staph and anaerobic infections, neutralizing endotoxin, and chronic rhinitis
38
Lincosamides side effects
GI NOT FOR HORSES
39
Chloramphenicol indications
Chronic resp inf, brain inf, intraocular inf, dermatitis, UTI (achieves high conc in urine), salmonella/bacteroides
40
Chloramphenicol side effects
Immunodeficiency, leukemia, aplastic anemia (dose dep or idiosyncratic) Do not vaccinate while administering Avoid cats with CKD
41
Macrolides indications
Bronchopneumonia, enteritis, UTI, septic arthritis, mastitis, dermatitis Babesia gibsoni Tylosin: chronic colitis, feline URI, SIBO Mycoplasma
42
Macrolides side effects
Vomiting, possible liver issues, pro-motility at low doses
43
Metronidazole indications
Anaerobic infections (Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Corynebacterium, Clostridium) IBD SIBO Hepatic encephalopathy
44
Metronidazole side effects
Neurologic disorders, lethargy, weakness, neutropenias, hepatotoxicity, hematuria, GI Cats: GI, hepatotoxicity, CNS toxicity, teratogenic
45
Tetracyclines indications
Atypical bacteria (Rickettsia, Borrelia, Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma) Bronchopneumonia, enteritis, mastitis, dermatitis, tick-borne, MRSA (doxy)
46
Tetracyclines side effects
Esophageal stricture Hepatotoxicity, hypersensitivity, anemia, GI, hypotension, negative effects on growing teeth and bone, can impair rapidly dividing cells (80s ribosomal subunit)
47
Polymixin indications
Topically for skin inf, Ophtho ointment, endotoxic shock
48
Polymixin side effects
SERIOUS NEPHROTOXICITY, CNS toxicity, histamine release
49
Aminoglycosides indications
Poor tissue penetration, not really abs in gut G- inf resistant to B lactams Overwhelming sepsis Topical for skin/eye/ear inf Neomycin: hepatic encephalopathy, GI bacteria Streptomycin: leptospirosis
50
Aminoglycosides side effects
Nephrotoxic (proximal tubule damage, usually reversible), neurotoxic (auditory and vestibular ototoxicity - deafness not reversible) Neuromuscular blockade and cardiac effects
51
Sulfa drug indications
Osteomyelitis, Prostatitis, pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, staph pyoderma, UTIs Not good for chronic inf with high bacterial load
52
Sulfa drug side effects
Type III hypersensitivity reactions (IMPA, etc) Doberman and other black/tan breeds predisposed to hypersensitivity Lacrimal gland toxicity - KCS Idiosyncratic hepatic necrosis Aplastic anemia Thyroid
53
Abx that concentrate in bile
CRED Clindamycin Rifampin Erythromycin Doxycycline
54
Antibiotics that penetrate the prostate
"Come everyone, come finger the dome" Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, TMS, doxycycline
55
Antibiotics that cross the BBB
Dirty minds require 3 full soap cleanings Doxycyclne, metronidazole, rifampin?, 3rd gen cephalosporins, fluoroquionolones, sulfas/TMS, chloramphenicol
56
What antibiotic has inherent resistance to G+ bacteria?
Polymixin
57
What antibiotics have inherent resistance with anaerobes?
Aminoglycosides +/- Fluoroquinolones
58
Aerobes are inherently resistant to what antibiotic?
Metronidazole
59
What is MIC
Minimum inhibitory concentration, tells bacteriostatic activity
60
What is MBC
Minimum bactericidal concentration, tells bactericidal activity
61
A drug is concentration dependent if
Cmax is > than MIC by 10-12x
62
Time dependent drugs depend on…
The time that the plasma drug concentration (PDC) is above the MIC PDC should be 2-4x the MIC for much of the dosing interval
63
Antagonistic antibiotics
Ribosomal inhibitors and beta lactams Beta lactams rely on protein synthesis and growth of the organism (Except chloramphenicol and ampicillin are synergistic for staphylococcus)
64
Aminoglycosides are synergistic with
Beta-lactams
65
Bacteria that form biofilms
Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Actinobacillus, Acinetobacter

Phase 1 Drugs AM Edits (7 decks)

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