antibiotics and infection

Question 1

aerobic vs anaerobic bacteria?

Answer 1

aerobic= require o2 to survive 
anaerobic= doesn't need 02, grows best without o2

Question 2

what are biofilms?

Answer 2

community of bacteria that form a matrix that has a polysaccharide coating= improved defences (coating)

Question 3

what are exotoxins?

Answer 3

a toxin secreted by bacteria and released OUTSIDE the cell, very potent, usually gram +ve, eg, TB, diptheria

Question 4

what are endotoxins?

Answer 4

bacterial toxins consisting of lipids that are located within the cell, usually gram -ve, affects site but also often SYSTEMIC (can cause bacteraemia and shock), eg. typhoid, plague, E.coli, salmonella

Question 5

what is antimicrobial stewardship?

Answer 5

interventions to improve and measure appropriate use of antimicrobials by promoting:

• selection of optimal drug regimen
• dose
• duration
• route of admin

Question 6

what is beta-lactam?

Answer 6

class of antibiotics
include penicillins, carbapenems, aztreonam, cephalosporins

contain a BETA RING that inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall, leads to cell lysis and death, BACTERICIDAL

Question 7

what are GLYCOPEPTIDES?

Answer 7

CLASS OF ANTIBIOTICS
includes: VANCOMYCIN AND BLEOMYCIN

inhibits cell wall synthesis, binding only effective against gram +ve bacteria, BACTERICIDAL

Question 8

BACTERICIDAL VS BACTERIOSTATIC

Answer 8

bactericidal= KILL BACTERIA

bacteriostatic= INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA

Question 9

what is nitrofurantoin commonly used to treat?

Answer 9

urinary tract infections (UTI’s)

Question 10

what is clavulanic acid used for?

Answer 10

it is a BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR
it is used w/ penicillin to prevent antibiotic resistance in bacteria that secrete beta-lactamase and would prevent the penicillin from working without the clavulanic acid!!

Question 11

what is antimicrobial resistance?

Answer 11

the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe