Antibiotics Flashcards
Aciclovir
- Mechanism/ Drug class
- Indication
- Side effects
Antiviral drug
Indications
- Herpes (HSV)
- Chickenpox
- Shingles
Side effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhoea
- Thrombocytopenia, kidney damage
Clarithromycin
- Mechanism/ Drug class
- Indication
- Side effects
- Interaction
Macrolide
- Inhibits protein synthesis in 50s subunit of bacterial ribosome.
Indication (can be used as alternative to amoxicillin)
- S. pyogenes infection
- Pneumococcal infections
- Coliform infections (UTI)
Side effects
- Nausea and diarrhoea
- Arrhythmias
Interactions
- Inhibits cytochrome p450
Ciprofloxacin
- Mechanism/ drug class
- Indication
- Side effects
Fluoroquinolone
- Inhibits bacterial cell division
Indication
- Broad spectrum
- Pseudomonas
- UTI, Anthrax, eye and ear infections, endocarditis.
- Diabetic foot infection
- Many Gram -/ve.
- Some gram +/ve
Co-amoxiclav
- Mechanism
- Indication
- Side effects
Amoxicillin + clavulonic acid= prevents degradation by beta-lactamase
Indications
- Same as amoxicillin: Strep, pneumonia, cellulitis
Side effects
- Allergy
- Diarrhea/ vomiting
Doxycycline
- Mechanism
- Indication
- Side effects
Tetracycline
- Inhibits protein synthesis in 30s subunit of bacterial ribosome
Indications:
- Skin, resp tract and GU infections.
- Gram positive (Staph, strep)
- Some Gram -/ve (Haemophilus)
- Cell-wall deficient bacteria (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)
Side effects
- Dyspepsia
- Photosensitivity
Interactions
- Avoid in pregnancy and children
- Competes for protein binding with other protein binding drugs (warfarin, digoxin)
Flucloxacillin
- Mechanism
- Indication
- Side effects
- Contraindications
Beta-lactam
Indication
- Narrow spectrum
- Susceptible gram-positive bacteria: beta-lactamase producing bacteria
- Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes
- Cellulitis
- Impetigo
- Osteomyelitis
Side effects
- Diarrhoea, nausea
- Rash
- Allergy
Contraindications
- History of hepatic impairment, can cause cholestatic jaundice/ hepatitis.
Gentamicin
- Mechanism
- Indication
- Side effects
Aminoglycoside
- Inhibits 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome= inhibits protein synthesis
Indication
- Used for more severe infections, mainly Gram -/ve
- Pseudomonas, E.coli, Klebs
- Staphylococcus
- Sepsis
- Endocarditis
- UTI, bone infection
- Pneumonia
Side effects
- Ototoxic
- Nephrotoxic
- Teratogenic
- Avoid in second-third trimester of pregnancy
Metronidazole
- Mechanism
- Indication
- Side effects
Nitroimidazole
- Disrupts microbial DNA
Indications: anaerobic infections
- H.pylori eradication
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Bacterial vaginosis
- Giardiasis
- Clostridium, batceriodes.
Side effects
- Nausea, diarrhoea
- Dry mouth
Nitrofurantoin
- Mechanism
- Indication
- Side effects
Nitrofuran
- Damages bacterial DNA
Indication
- Lower UTI
- E.coli
- Enterobacteriacae, enterococci
- Staphylococcus
- Some strep
Side effects
- Avoid in renal impairment: does not pentrate urine if eGFR low
- Avoid in late preganancy
Piperacillin-tazobactam (Tazocin)
- Mechanism
- Indication
- Side effects
Beta-lactam (piperacillin) with beta-lactamase inhibitor (tazobactam)
- Only IV
Infications
- Complicated infections: UTI, skin
- Pseudomonas
- Sepsis
- HAP
- COPD exacerbation
- Diabetic foot
Side effects
- Anaphylaxis
- C. difficle
- Diarrhoea, nausea, thrombocytopenia
