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LAM 2 V. AMSTEL > antibiotics > Flashcards

antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements is False

a. Inhibit COX synthase and therefore prostaglandin
b. Both Cox-1 and COX-2 selective NSAID will be cytoprotective. Only COX1 is cytoprotective
c. Cytokines specifically induce COX-2
d. Flunixin when injected intramuscular can potentially cause severe myonecrosis

A

Both Cox-1 and COX-2 selective NSAID will be cytoprotective. Only COX1 is cytoprotective

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2
Q

Which of the following statements is False

a. Fentanyl in the form of a patch has a delay in clinical efficacy b. Ketamine can potentially cause dissociative CNS signs at higher doses.
b. Ketamine can potentially cause dissociative CNS signs at higher doses.

c. NSAID have good analgesic properties. NSAIDs do not have analgesia properties.
d. NSAIDs have indirect anti-endotoxic properties because of their anti-inflammatory properties

A

c. NSAID have good analgesic properties. NSAIDs do not have analgesia properties.

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3
Q

Which of the following statements is False

  1. Cmax may be used to determine whether abnormal signs displayed by an animal after antibiotic treatment are associated with side

effects/toxicity of the antibiotic used

  1. Volume of distribution of an antibiotic is dependent on its bioavailability, ionization and protein binding in the blood.
  2. A large volume of distribution means that most of the antibiotic is trapped in the blood
  3. The amount of free antibiotic in the blood can be increased by increasing the dose
A

A large volume of distribution means that most of the antibiotic is trapped in the blood

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4
Q

Which of the following antibiotics cannot be used extra label based on dosage and route of administration

  1. Enrofloxacin
  2. Sulfonamides
  3. Tulathromycin
  4. Ceftiofur
A
  1. Ceftiofur
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5
Q

Which of the following statements are False

  1. Ampicillin is less susceptible to beta-lactamase compared to penicillin
  2. Cephalosporin has a wider gram negative spectrum compared to synthetic penicillin

3 ELDU of cephalosporin (Ceftiofur) allows for treatment of systemic conditions outside the labeled conditions in major

species

  1. ELDU of cephalosporin (ceftiofur) allows the IV route of administration in Food animal species
A
  1. ELDU of cephalosporin (ceftiofur) allows the IV route of administration in Food animal species
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6
Q
  1. Which of the following statements are False
    a. Xylazine may cause a drop in blood pressure leading to inadequate tissue perfusion and heat dissipation
    b. Xylazine may cause a osmotic diuresis
    c. Level of sedation is very predictable after IM administration of Xylazine
    d. Tolazoline is a alpha2-antagonist which is preferably given IM
A

c. Level of sedation is very predictable after IM administration of Xylazine

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7
Q

Which of the following statements is False

  1. Bactericidal action more important than intracellular concentration
  2. Aminoglycosides are dependent on an active transport system for complete absorption
  3. Protein binding does not affect antibiotics crossing cell membranes
  4. Propylene glycol commonly used as a base can cause a drop in blood pressure through histamine release
A
  1. Protein binding does not affect antibiotics crossing cell membranes
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8
Q

Which of the following statements is False

  1. Cephalosporins more susceptible to beta lactamases compared to synthetic penicillin
  2. Fluoroquinolones are bactericidal through inhibition of DNA – gyrase
  3. Fluoroquinolones are effective against gram negative bacteria including E coli and Salmonella
  4. ELDU of fluoroquinolones is illegal and may not be stored on Dairy farms
A

1.Cephalosporins more susceptible to beta lactamases compared to synthetic penicillin

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9
Q

Which antibiotic PK factor/property listed below would be most beneficial to treat a intracellular infection in the lung

  1. Large volume of distribution.
  2. Long half life
  3. Low protein binding

4 positive culture and sensitivity

A

1.Large volume of distribution.

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10
Q

Which of the following statements is False

  1. Long acting cephalosporin is labeled for bovine respiratory disease metaphylaxis
  2. Mode of action of cephalosporin is inhibition of protein synthesis
  3. Tetracyclines have an extended spectrum which include erlichia and mycoplasma
  4. Tetracyclines are bactericidal by inhibition of cell wall development
A
  1. Tetracyclines are bactericidal by inhibition of cell wall development
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11
Q

Which of the following statement regarding penicillin is False

  1. Penicillin is highly effective for use in joint infections and osteomyelitis
  2. Ampicillin is also excrete through the biliary system and as such is used against gram negative enterobacteria.
  3. Penicillin inactivates the binding protein to form the cell wall of gram positive bacteria
  4. Penicillin works synergistically with aminoglycosides
A
  1. Penicillin is highly effective for use in joint infections and osteomyelitis
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12
Q

Which of the following statements are False

  1. Floroquinelones have better intracellular penetration than beta lactams
  2. Danofloxacin is labeled for use in beef cattle and all calves (excluding veal calves).
  3. Liver elimination of the macrolides results in entero-hepatic cycle with long terminal half life
  4. Macrolides are bactericidal through binding with 50S ribosome
A
  1. Macrolides are bactericidal through binding with 50S ribosome
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13
Q

Which of the following statements is False
a. Pigs and camelids are stoic with regards to pain making assessment of presence and severity of pain difficult in these species

b. Vocalization in a male goat is often associated with urolithiasis
c. “Hypersensitization” is mediated through glutamate and NMDA receptors
d. Lidocaine prevent ddepolarization of sensory nociceptors by primarily by blocking calcium channels.

A

Lidocaine prevent ddepolarization of sensory nociceptors by primarily by blocking calcium channels.

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14
Q

Which of the following statements regarding penicillin is False

  1. Penicillin is not active against penicillinase-producing bacteria
  2. Penicillin is not active against organisms which cause alterations in the penicillin-binding protein
  3. High dose helps with intracellular penetration
  4. Bactericidal activity independent of dose
A
  1. High dose helps with intracellular penetration
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15
Q

Which of the following groups would be most effective against anerobic intracellular infection in tissue requiring a medium volume of

distribution.

  1. Beta lactam –equal concentration inside and outside cell/bactericidal/anaerobic
  2. Quinolones – higher concentration inside the cell/bactericidal/broad spectrum
  3. Macrolides – highest capacity for accumulation in cell through endocytosis/bacteriostatic/broad spectrum
  4. Florfenicol/flunixin – higher concentration inside cell/bacteriostatic/ broad spectrum/ anti-inflammatory
A
  1. Macrolides – highest capacity for accumulation in cell through endocytosis/bacteriostatic/broad spectrum
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16
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is False
  2. Antibiotic therapy should be continued 2-3 days after the clinical symptoms disappear.
  3. Polar (water soluble) antibiotics cross cell membranes mainly through active transport
  4. Due to differences in vascularity antibiotics administered subcutaneously generally have a lower bioavailability than those administered

intramuscularly

  1. Area under the curve is directly proportional to the total amount of unaltered drug in the patient’s tissues
A

Area under the curve is directly proportional to the total amount of unaltered drug in the patient’s tissues

17
Q

Which of the following statements is False

  1. Chlortetracycline is used orally for the control of anaplasmosis and liver abscesses in cattle
  2. Tetracycline has anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of metallo-proteases
  3. Tetracyclines 100 is given IV for treatment of BRD in lactating dairy cattle
  4. Tetracycline is commonly used for the treatment and control of IBK in cattle as it is also secreted in .
A
  1. Tetracyclines 100 is given IV for treatment of BRD in lactating dairy cattle
18
Q

Which of the following statements is False

a. Morphine is an effective and inexpensive drug to treat acute pain.
b. Side effects can include euphoria and aggression. morphine doesnt cause aggression c. Most of morphine receptors are situated in the spine d. Morphine can be effectively combined with NSAID drugs

A

Side effects can include euphoria and aggression. morphine doesnt cause aggression

19
Q

Which of the following statement regarding penicillin is False

  1. Penicillin is nephrotoxic if overdosed
  2. It is widely used extra label
  3. Penicillin is active against gram positive anerobes
  4. Long acting Exede can be used for metaphylaxiss
A
  1. Penicillin is nephrotoxic if overdosed
20
Q

Which of the following statements is False

  1. Definitive treatment aids in saving commensals and overall population susceptibility
  2. One of the correct approaches on finding an increase in fibrinogen, white cell count and presence on phagocytosed bacteria on microscopy

is to start treatment with a broad spectrum antibiotic

  1. Combination of antibiotics with opposing modes of action will result in treatment synergism

4 Metaphylaxis is whole herd/group treatment based abnormal signs displayed by a percentage usually 10% of animals in the group.

A

Combination of antibiotics with opposing modes of action will result in treatment synergism

21
Q

Which of the following statements is False

  1. Antibiotics can kill rumen flora which will predispose to fermentation failure
  2. Trimethoprim usually in combination with another sulfa is inactivated in rumen which will revert the mode of action of the remaining sulfa

back to being bacteriostatic

  1. Oral administration is a good route for therapeutic treatment in calves up to 8 months of age
  2. Oral antibiotics will predispose to bacterial resistance
A

3.Oral administration is a good route for therapeutic treatment in calves up to 8 months of age

22
Q

Which of the following statements is False

  1. Oxytetracycline’s bacteriostatic mode of action and reversible binding to 30S ribosome predispose to relapses of the condition being treated
  2. Oxy 100 is labeled for 4 once a day IV treatments
  3. Oxytetracycline is more effective in an alkaline environment
  4. Subcutaneous swellings is a common problem associated with SC administration of LA200
A
  1. Oxytetracycline is more effective in an alkaline environment
23
Q

You are presented with a veal calf with acute severe enzootic pneumonia. The calf shows early consolidation on US due to cellular infiltrate. An

endoscopic sample showed a pure culture of Mycoplasma. Which of the following medications would be best indicated for this case? ELDU

regulations needs to be considered. Mycoplasma is gram negative, intracellular

  1. Synthetic penicillin combined with flunixin
  2. Amikacin with flunixin
  3. Enrofloxacin

4 Oxyteracycline 200

A

4 Oxyteracycline 200

24
Q

which of the following statements is false?
a. Cattle are less susceptible to the toxic effects of lidocaine

b. Pain associated with administration of lidocaine is because of the alkalinity of the solution. acidity

cPain is extremely catabolic and associated with severe weight loss

d. Gabapentin may be useful in the treatment of neuropathic pain

A

Pain associated with administration of lidocaine is because of the alkalinity of the solution. acidity

25
Q

Which of the following statement are False

  1. Macrolides has the highest capacity for endocytosis for accumulating in the cell through endocytosis
  2. Anemic animals are more prone to show a adverse reaction such as collapse when receiving IV oxytet

3 ELDU only applies to the treatment of individual animals

  1. Major species include cattle, swine, sheep, goats and poultry
A
  1. Major species include cattle, swine, sheep, goats and poultry
26
Q

Which of the following statements is False

  1. IV administration of oxytetracycline can cause collapse because of chelation of ionized calcium
  2. Subcutaneous administration of LA 200 can influence bioavailability
  3. Oxytetracycline is bacteriostatic and depend on the bodies defense to clear the infection.
  4. Combination of tetracycline with penicillin augments anaerobic bacterial killing
A
  1. Combination of tetracycline with penicillin augments anaerobic bacterial killing
27
Q

You are presented with a veal calf with E.coli enteritis. The calf has a temp of 104. Which of the following antibiotic would be

best to use also considering label requirements

  1. Ampicillin.
  2. Enrofloxacin
  3. Oxytetracycline 200
  4. Tulatromycin 25
A
  1. Oxytetracycline 200
28
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is False
    a. Meloxicam is COX-2 selective

b. Meloxicam has a 21 day meat withdrawal in cattle if dosed at 1mg/Kg once a day
c. PSGAG’s are chondroprotective but needs to be in the polysulfated formulation to maximize bioavailability
d. Xylazine should never be used in pregnant cattle

A

d. Xylazine should never be used in pregnant cattle

LAM 2 V. AMSTEL (4 decks)

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