Antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

Define “antibiotic”

A

Chemicals killing/inhibiting the growth of pathogens

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of antibiotic?

A
  • Bacteriostatic

- Bacteriocidal

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3
Q

What do bacteriocidal antibiotics do?

A

Kill bacteria

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4
Q

How do bacteriocidal antibiotics kill bacteria? 3

A
  • Inhibit enzymes needed to make chemical bonds in bacterial cell walls - causing a weak wall
  • Can’t take pressure of osmosis: cell lysis
  • Also causes cell membrane disruption by changing permeability of it - causing cell lysis
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5
Q

What do bacteriostatic antibiotics do?

A
  • Prevent bacteria reproducing

- Immune system then destroys bacteria

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6
Q

How do bacteriostatic bacteria prevent bacteria reproducing? 6

A
  • Bind to bacterial ribosomes
  • So no translation
  • Can’t make proteins
  • Can’t make enzymes
  • Can’t carry out metabolic processes
  • No cell division/growth
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7
Q

Why do antibiotics only work on bacteria?

A

Antibiotics designed to target bacterial cells by targeting specific differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells

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8
Q

What differences in bacteria do antibiotics target?

A
  • Peptidoglycan cell walls [inhibit cell wall formation]
  • Smaller ribosomes [so inhibit these ribosomes]
  • Different enzymes
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9
Q

Why don’t antibiotics work on viruses?

A

Viruses don’t have their own enzymes and ribosomes so antibiotics can’t target/affect these

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