Antibiotics Flashcards
Which penicillin is given orally and which one is more sensitive to acid degradation and can only be given by injection?
Penicillin VK = orally
Penicillin G = injected
What penicillin has the best gram-negative spectrum?
Ampicillin
Which penicillin is useful against penicillinase-producing bugs such as staphylococcus?
Dicloxacillin
Which drug is specific for pseudomonas infections?
Extended spectrum such as Carbenicillin
Which class of antibiotics kill rapidly growing cells by inhibiting cell wall synthesis?
Bactericidal
Which class of antibiotics limit population growth, but do not kill bugs by interfering with protein synthesis on bacterial ribosomes?
Bacteriostatic
How do antifungals work?
Bind to ergosterol in fungal cell walls to weaken the walls
How do bacteriostatic agents such as sulfonamides work?
Compete with PABA in folic acid synthesis, resulting in folic acid deficiency
What are the symptoms seen in allergic reactions to penicillins?
Dermatitis, stomatitis, bronchoconstriction, cardiovascular collapse
What agent produces GI upset and pseudomonas colitis?
Clindamycin
What drug is commonly associated with aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol
Tetracycline is associated with what?
Teeth staining and liver damage or hepatotoxicity
What’s associated with allergic cholestatic hepatitis?
Erythromycin estolate
What 2 antibiotics cancel each other out due to opposing mechanisms of action?
Penicillin and tetracycline (cidal-static interaction)
What medication is known to alter the rate of renal clearance of penicillin?
Probenicid
