Antibiotics

Question 1

Inhibition of small subunit ribosomes (30s; inhibits protein synthesis

Answer 1

Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Linezolid

Question 2

Mechanism of aminoglycosides and are they bactericidal or bacteriostatic

Answer 2

Irreversible inhibition of 30s

Bactericidal

Question 3

Inhibition of large subunit ribosome (50s, inhibits protein synthesis)

Answer 3

Macrolides
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Synergic (irreversible)

Question 4

Inhibitor of DNA helicase (DNA gyrase)

Answer 4

Quinolone

Question 5

Inhibitor of RNA polymerase

Answer 5

Rifampin

Question 6

Produces oxygen radicals that breakup DNA

Answer 6

Metronidazole

Question 7

Membrane depolarizer (leads to decreased DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis)

Answer 7

Daptomycin

Question 8

Sulfonamides

Answer 8

Has a PABA analogue which inhibits purine synthesis

Question 9

Trimethoprim

Answer 9

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductive which inhibits purine synthesis

Question 10

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

Answer 10

Chloramphenicol
Tetracycline
Clindamycin
Macrolides
Bactrim

Question 11

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Answer 11

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems 
Monobactams
Vancomycin

Question 12

What is the most common method of antibiotic resistance

Answer 12

Transfer of plasmid

Question 13

Penicillinase

Answer 13

Resistance to Penicillins

Question 14

Inducible AmpC Beta-lactamase

Answer 14

Cephalosporinase
Resistant to PCNs, cephalosporins, monobactams
This enzyme is often Inducible and resistance can occur during the course of treatment

Question 15

Inhibitor resistant beta-lactamase

Answer 15

Resistant to PCNs with inhibitors clavulanic acid or sulbactams

Question 16

Carbapenemase

Answer 16

Resistant to everything

Treat with: aztreonam

Question 17

Mechanism for methicillin-resistant Staph Aureus and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

Answer 17

Resistance develops from mutation in cell wall binding protein

Question 18

Treatment for Group A beta-hemolytic strep, Syphilis, N. meningitides, C. Perfringens, Anthrax

Answer 18

Natural penicillin (PCN G and PCN V)

Question 19

Staph only

Answer 19

Oxacillin, naficillin, methicillin

Question 20

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin treat

Answer 20

Same as natural penicillins + Enterococcus

Question 21

What makes up Unasyn?

Answer 21

Ampicillin and sulbactam

Question 22

What is augmentin made of?

Answer 22

Amoxicillin and calvulanic

Question 23

What do Augmentin and Unasyn Treat?

Answer 23

GPCs (including enterococcus), GNRs, +/- anaerobic coverage. Not effective for Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, or serratia

Question 24

What are the extended spectrum penicillins?

Answer 24

Ticarcillin and piperacillin

Question 25

What do ticarcillin and piperacillin treat?

Answer 25

GNRs- Enteric bacteria (Ecoli and enterobacter), Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia

Question 26

What are the side effects of Ticarcillin and piperacillin

Answer 26

Platelet inhibition and high salt load

Question 27

What are Extended spectrum penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors

Answer 27

Ticarcillin + Clavulanic acid; piperacillin-sulbactam

Question 28

What do Timentin and Zosyn cover?

Answer 28

GPCs (Staph, strep, and Enterococci
GNRs (Enteric, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia)
+/- anaerobic coverage