Antibiotics Flashcards
Inhibition of small subunit ribosomes (30s; inhibits protein synthesis
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Linezolid
Mechanism of aminoglycosides and are they bactericidal or bacteriostatic
Irreversible inhibition of 30s
Bactericidal
Inhibition of large subunit ribosome (50s, inhibits protein synthesis)
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Synergic (irreversible)
Inhibitor of DNA helicase (DNA gyrase)
Quinolone
Inhibitor of RNA polymerase
Rifampin
Produces oxygen radicals that breakup DNA
Metronidazole
Membrane depolarizer (leads to decreased DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis)
Daptomycin
Sulfonamides
Has a PABA analogue which inhibits purine synthesis
Trimethoprim
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductive which inhibits purine synthesis
Bacteriostatic antibiotics
Chloramphenicol Tetracycline Clindamycin Macrolides Bactrim
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams Vancomycin
What is the most common method of antibiotic resistance
Transfer of plasmid
Penicillinase
Resistance to Penicillins
Inducible AmpC Beta-lactamase
Cephalosporinase
Resistant to PCNs, cephalosporins, monobactams
This enzyme is often Inducible and resistance can occur during the course of treatment
Inhibitor resistant beta-lactamase
Resistant to PCNs with inhibitors clavulanic acid or sulbactams
Carbapenemase
Resistant to everything
Treat with: aztreonam
Mechanism for methicillin-resistant Staph Aureus and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
Resistance develops from mutation in cell wall binding protein
Treatment for Group A beta-hemolytic strep, Syphilis, N. meningitides, C. Perfringens, Anthrax
Natural penicillin (PCN G and PCN V)
Staph only
Oxacillin, naficillin, methicillin
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin treat
Same as natural penicillins + Enterococcus
What makes up Unasyn?
Ampicillin and sulbactam
What is augmentin made of?
Amoxicillin and calvulanic
What do Augmentin and Unasyn Treat?
GPCs (including enterococcus), GNRs, +/- anaerobic coverage. Not effective for Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, or serratia
What are the extended spectrum penicillins?
Ticarcillin and piperacillin
What do ticarcillin and piperacillin treat?
GNRs- Enteric bacteria (Ecoli and enterobacter), Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia
What are the side effects of Ticarcillin and piperacillin
Platelet inhibition and high salt load
What are Extended spectrum penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors
Ticarcillin + Clavulanic acid; piperacillin-sulbactam
What do Timentin and Zosyn cover?
GPCs (Staph, strep, and Enterococci
GNRs (Enteric, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia)
+/- anaerobic coverage
