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IHD > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three killers of 2013?

A

heart disease, cancer, stroke

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2
Q

What is specific inhibition of organisms without killing the host?

A

selective toxicity

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3
Q

What is a true antibiotic?

A

microorganism product that kills other microorganisms and show selective toxicity

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4
Q

What is the relative toxicity scale?

A

Most: Antivirals
antiparasites
antifungals
Least: Antibacterials

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5
Q

What is something that kills organisms?

A

bactericidal

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6
Q

What is something that stops growth?

A

Bacteriostatic

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7
Q

What is the most potent B-lactam?

A

penicillin G

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8
Q

What is the B-lactamase resistant acid labile penicillin?

A

Methicillin

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9
Q

What is the B-lactamase resistant acid stable penicillin?

A

Oxacillin

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10
Q

What is the mode of action of penicillins?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to Penicillin Binding Proteins

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11
Q

How are cephalosporins different than penicillins?

A

broader spectrum

more resistant to B-lactamases

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12
Q

What drug is associated with generations?

A

cephalosporins

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13
Q

What do cep and cef signify?

A

cephalosporins that inhibit cell wall synthesis

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14
Q

What b-lactam is gram negative selective?

A

aztreonam

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15
Q

What b-lactam is a b-lactamase inhibitor?

A

Clavulanic acid

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16
Q

What b-lactams are broad spectrum and b-lactamase resistant?

A

carbapenem, imipenem, and meropenem

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17
Q

What is the common b-lactam/inhibitor combination?

A

amoxicillin/clavulanate

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18
Q

What drug stops precursor cell wall synthesis?

A

cycloserine

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19
Q

What drug blocks the transport of cell wall out of the cytoplasm?

A

Bacitracin

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20
Q

What class of antibiotics affect cell wall synthesis and what do they require?

A

bactericidal and growth

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21
Q

What is a large drug that will selectively kill gram positive bacteria by disrupting multiple aspects of bacterial membrane function?

A

Daptomycin

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22
Q

What drugs block DNA synthesis?

A

quinolones (ciprofloxacin)

23
Q

What drugs block bacterial transcription?

A

Rifampin

24
Q

What drugs bind to the 30S subunit?

A

tetracycline and aminoglycosides

25
Q

What drugs bind to the 50S subunit?

A

chloramphenicol and macrolides

26
Q

What are the aminoglycosides?

A

streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin, kanamycin, tobramycin, and amikacin

27
Q

What are the macrolides?

A

erythromycin and clindamycin

28
Q

What do aminoglycosides target?

A

30S subunit

29
Q

How do aminoglycosides bind?

A

irreversibly

30
Q

Where do oxazolidinones bind?

A

initiation complex

31
Q

What analog of tetracycline is a bacteriostatic inhibitor of protein synthesis?

A

Tigecycline

32
Q

What is the role of spectinomycin?

A

bacteriostatic drug that binds to 30S

33
Q

What is the role of chloramphenicol?

A

binds to 50S; prevents peptide bond formation

34
Q

What are lincomycin and clindamycin effective against?

A

anaerobes

35
Q

What are erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycins effective against?

A

Gram + bacteria

36
Q

How do oxozolidinones work?

A

proper assembly of the fmet-tRNA with the mRNA and the 30S.

37
Q

What drugs inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?

A

rifamycins

38
Q

What drug inhibits fungal microtubules?

A

griseofulvin

39
Q

What drugs inhibit DNA gyrase of gram negative bacteria?

A

quinolones

40
Q

What drugs interfere with THF synthesis?

A

sulfonamides and trimethoprim

41
Q

What drug inhibits DHF reductase?

A

trimethoprim

42
Q

What anaerobic and parasitic drug must be reduced in the cytoplasm before it can fragment DNA?

A

metronidazole

43
Q

What is MIC?

A

minimum inhibitory concentration;

lowest concentration that stops growth

44
Q

What is MBC?

A

minimum bactericidal concentration; lowest concentration that kills population

45
Q

What does susceptible refer to?

A

MIC can be achieved

46
Q

What does resistant mean?

A

MIC cannot be achieved

47
Q

Is drug resistance genotypic or phenotypic?

A

genotypic

48
Q

What drug enzyme renders all beta-lactams ineffective?

A

New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase

49
Q

What drug is unaffected by New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase?

A

aztreonam

50
Q

What is the major way to acquire resistance?

A

inheritance

51
Q

How can resistance be transferred between bacteria?

A

exchange of plasmids via conjugation

52
Q

What disease is at high risk of occuring following antibiotic treatment?

A

Clostridium difficile

53
Q

What is the most common cause of infection-related mortality worldwide?

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

54
Q

What is superinfection?

A

wide-spectrum antibiotics kill off normal flora

IHD (4 decks)

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