Antibiotics

Question 1

What are the three killers of 2013?

Answer 1

heart disease, cancer, stroke

Question 2

What is specific inhibition of organisms without killing the host?

Answer 2

selective toxicity

Question 3

What is a true antibiotic?

Answer 3

microorganism product that kills other microorganisms and show selective toxicity

Question 4

What is the relative toxicity scale?

Answer 4

Most: Antivirals
antiparasites
antifungals
Least: Antibacterials

Question 5

What is something that kills organisms?

Answer 5

bactericidal

Question 6

What is something that stops growth?

Answer 6

Bacteriostatic

Question 7

What is the most potent B-lactam?

Answer 7

penicillin G

Question 8

What is the B-lactamase resistant acid labile penicillin?

Answer 8

Methicillin

Question 9

What is the B-lactamase resistant acid stable penicillin?

Answer 9

Oxacillin

Question 10

What is the mode of action of penicillins?

Answer 10

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to Penicillin Binding Proteins

Question 11

How are cephalosporins different than penicillins?

Answer 11

broader spectrum

more resistant to B-lactamases

Question 12

What drug is associated with generations?

Answer 12

cephalosporins

Question 13

What do cep and cef signify?

Answer 13

cephalosporins that inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 14

What b-lactam is gram negative selective?

Answer 14

aztreonam

Question 15

What b-lactam is a b-lactamase inhibitor?

Answer 15

Clavulanic acid

Question 16

What b-lactams are broad spectrum and b-lactamase resistant?

Answer 16

carbapenem, imipenem, and meropenem

Question 17

What is the common b-lactam/inhibitor combination?

Answer 17

amoxicillin/clavulanate

Question 18

What drug stops precursor cell wall synthesis?

Answer 18

cycloserine

Question 19

What drug blocks the transport of cell wall out of the cytoplasm?

Answer 19

Bacitracin

Question 20

What class of antibiotics affect cell wall synthesis and what do they require?

Answer 20

bactericidal and growth

Question 21

What is a large drug that will selectively kill gram positive bacteria by disrupting multiple aspects of bacterial membrane function?

Answer 21

Daptomycin

Question 22

What drugs block DNA synthesis?

Answer 22

quinolones (ciprofloxacin)

Question 23

What drugs block bacterial transcription?

Answer 23

Rifampin

Question 24

What drugs bind to the 30S subunit?

Answer 24

tetracycline and aminoglycosides

Question 25

What drugs bind to the 50S subunit?

Answer 25

chloramphenicol and macrolides

Question 26

What are the aminoglycosides?

Answer 26

streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin, kanamycin, tobramycin, and amikacin

Question 27

What are the macrolides?

Answer 27

erythromycin and clindamycin

Question 28

What do aminoglycosides target?

Answer 28

30S subunit

Question 29

How do aminoglycosides bind?

Answer 29

irreversibly

Question 30

Where do oxazolidinones bind?

Answer 30

initiation complex

Question 31

What analog of tetracycline is a bacteriostatic inhibitor of protein synthesis?

Answer 31

Tigecycline

Question 32

What is the role of spectinomycin?

Answer 32

bacteriostatic drug that binds to 30S

Question 33

What is the role of chloramphenicol?

Answer 33

binds to 50S; prevents peptide bond formation

Question 34

What are lincomycin and clindamycin effective against?

Answer 34

anaerobes

Question 35

What are erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycins effective against?

Answer 35

Gram + bacteria

Question 36

How do oxozolidinones work?

Answer 36

proper assembly of the fmet-tRNA with the mRNA and the 30S.

Question 37

What drugs inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?

Answer 37

rifamycins

Question 38

What drug inhibits fungal microtubules?

Answer 38

griseofulvin

Question 39

What drugs inhibit DNA gyrase of gram negative bacteria?

Answer 39

quinolones

Question 40

What drugs interfere with THF synthesis?

Answer 40

sulfonamides and trimethoprim

Question 41

What drug inhibits DHF reductase?

Answer 41

trimethoprim

Question 42

What anaerobic and parasitic drug must be reduced in the cytoplasm before it can fragment DNA?

Answer 42

metronidazole

Question 43

What is MIC?

Answer 43

minimum inhibitory concentration; | lowest concentration that stops growth

Question 44

What is MBC?

Answer 44

minimum bactericidal concentration; lowest concentration that kills population

Question 45

What does susceptible refer to?

Answer 45

MIC can be achieved

Question 46

What does resistant mean?

Answer 46

MIC cannot be achieved

Question 47

Is drug resistance genotypic or phenotypic?

Answer 47

genotypic

Question 48

What drug enzyme renders all beta-lactams ineffective?

Answer 48

New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase

Question 49

What drug is unaffected by New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase?

Answer 49

aztreonam

Question 50

What is the major way to acquire resistance?

Answer 50

inheritance

Question 51

How can resistance be transferred between bacteria?

Answer 51

exchange of plasmids via conjugation

Question 52

What disease is at high risk of occuring following antibiotic treatment?

Answer 52

Clostridium difficile

Question 53

What is the most common cause of infection-related mortality worldwide?

Answer 53

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 54

What is superinfection?

Answer 54

wide-spectrum antibiotics kill off normal flora