Antibiotics Flashcards
G- coverage
Aminopenicillins Antipseudomonal penicillins Cephalosporins Tetracyclines Macrolides Aminoglycosides Fluoroquinilones Sulfonamide Rifamycin
Atypical coverage
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
2-4th gen fluoroquinilones
Rifamycin
Pseudomonal coverage
Abtipseudomonals
4th gen cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
2nd gen fluoroquinilones in lungs
Very narrow spectrum
1st gen fluoroquinilones
Anti staphylococcal penicillins
Monobactams
Cell wall active agent MOA
Natural pcn Anti staphylococcal pcn Aminopenicillins Anti pseudomonal pcn Cephalosporins Glycopeptide
Inhibit protein synthesis MOA
Tetracyclines Macrolides Lincosamide Oxazoidinone Aminoglycosides
Inhibit DNA replication MOA
Fluoroquinilones
Nitroimidazole
Inhibit folate synthesis MOA
Sulfinamide
Inhibits rna synthesis MOA
Rifamycin
NO MSSA coverage
Nitroimidazole
1st gen fluoroquinilones
Tetracyclines
Natural pcn
Bacteriostatic
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Oxazolidinone
Sulfonamide
Penicillin MOA
Inhibit cross linking of peptidoglycan units Bc PBP/transpeptidase
Only works in growing cells
PCN G
IV only
DOC for syphilis
PCN V
Orally active
Antistaphylococcal PCN
Penicillinase resistant
Only treats MSSA
Beta lactamase inhibitor purpose
Bacteria produce beta lactamase which destroyed the beta lactam of PCNs when they get inside the cell. Inhibitors stop beta lactamase action and allow the drugs to work.
Examples are bactam, clavulanic acid, sulbactam
Aminopenicillin drugs
Ampicillin (w sulbactam)
Amoxicillin ( w clavulanic acid)
Antipseudomonal drugs
Piperacillin
Ticaricillin
Carbenicillin
Combine piperacillin w tazobactam for MSSA coverage
Antipseudomonal characteristics
Good gn activity
Work against p. Aeruginosa
Empirically used in nosocomial infections
Monobactams
Can use even if PCN allergy
Only gn rod coverage
Cephalosporin generation drugs
1st cephalexin cefazolin
2nd cefuroxime cefaclor cefoxitin cefotetan
3rd cefdinir ceftriaxone ( used for gonorrhea tx, not renally cleared) ceftazidime
4th cefepime
5th ceftatoline
2nd gen cephalosporins
Anaerobe coverage
Cefotetan has disulfiram like rxn and bleeding disorders
Vancomycin MOA
Inhibits cell wall
MRSA coverage
2nd line c diff tx
Vancomycin adverse effect
Red man syndrome when given too fast
Tetracycline drugs
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tetracycline MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis
Static
Tx acne and rickettsial disease
Tetracycline side effects
GI upset
Growth issues
Tooth discoloration and enamel dysplasia
Sun sensitivity
Macrolide drugs
Erythromycin (poorly absorbed)
Azithromycin (good for atypical bac)
Clarithromycin
Macrolide side effects
GI upset
QT prolongation
Macrolide MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis
Static
Clindamycin
Static or cidal
Can cause c diff
Covers anaerobes
Aminoglycoside drugs
Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Aminoglycoside MOA
Cidal
Used w beta lactamas or vanco
Aminoglycoside side effects
Preg cat c/d
Ototoxic
Nephrotoxic
Fluoroquinilone generations
1st poor tissue penetration
2nd ciprofloxacin atypical broad spectrum
3rd levofloxacin covers s pneumo
4th moxifloxacin anaerobe coverage
Fluoroquinilone MOA
Interference with topoisomerase
Cidal
Fluoroquinilone side effects
Tendon rupture
QT prolongation
Headache dizziness
Photosensitivity
Sulfonamide side effects
Crystaluria
Rashes
Kernicterus of newborns
Drug interactions
Sulfonamide MOA
Inhibits folic acid synthesis
Static
Treats MRSA and E. coli UTI
Synergism
Metronidazole
Cidal Treats anaerobes and Protozoa Disulfiram like rxn 1st line txt for c diff Used in vag infections
Nitrofurantoin
Used for lower UTI
Watch in renal patients
