Antibiotics Flashcards
1
Q
Pen G:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Penicillin
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Renal; IV/IM
- Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
- Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes
2
Q
Pen V:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Penicillin
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Renal; PO
- Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
- Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes
3
Q
Methicillin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Penicillinase- resistant
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Hepatic; IV/IM/PO
- Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
- Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes (B-lactamase SA)
4
Q
Oxacillin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Penicillinase- resistant
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Hepatic; IV/IM/PO
- Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
- Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes (B-lactamase SA)
5
Q
Ampicillin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Extended spectrum
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Renal; PO
- Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity (GI upset)
- Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes (many gram -, Enterobacteriae, H Flu, E coli)
6
Q
Amoxicillin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Extended spectrum
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Renal; PO
- Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity (GI upset)
- Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes (many gram -, Enterobacteriae, H Flu, E coli)
7
Q
Piperacillin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Anti pseudomonal
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- IV; Renal
- Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
- Gram +/- cocci; Gram + Bacilli; Anaerobes (Less gram +, more gram -; pseudomonas
8
Q
Cephalexin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- 1st gen Ceph
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Renal; IV/PO
- Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
- Less allergy than penicillin
- Gram + cocci; gram - (E. Coli/ Klebsiella)
9
Q
Cefazolin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- 1st gen Ceph
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Renal; IV/PO
- Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
- Less allergy than penicillin
- Gram + cocci; gram - (E. Coli/ Klebsiella)
10
Q
Cefuroxime:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- 2nd gen gen Ceph
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Renal; IV/PO
- Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
- Less allergy than penicillin
- Extended gram - (H Flu, Enterobacter) Gram + cocci; gram - (E. Coli/ Klebsiella)
11
Q
Ceftriaxone:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- 3rd gen Ceph
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Renal; IV/PO (GOOD CNS)
- Type 1, Type 3 hypersensitivity
- Less allergy than penicillin
- Greatest gram - (some anti-pseudomonal)
12
Q
Aztreonam:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- Spectrum?
A
- Monobactam
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- IV/ Renal
- Narrow: Gram (-) aerobic
13
Q
Carbapenam:
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- IV / Renal
- GI upset
- Wide: Ceph resistant organisms
14
Q
Vancomyocin:
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Cidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- IV/ Renal
- Renal
- Renal toxicity, ototoxicity, chills, fever, rash
- Narrow: Gram + cocci
15
Q
Ciprofloxacin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Fluoroquinolones
- Cidal; inhibit DNA gyrase
- Bone, CNS; Renal/Hepatic
- Not with anatacids or kids
- Gram - aerobes; UTI’s
16
Q
Levofloxacin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Fluoroquinolones
- Cidal; inhibit DNA gyrase
- Bone, CNS; Renal/Hepatic
- Not with anatacids or kids
- Gram - aerobes; UTI’s
17
Q
Moxifloxacin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Fluoroquinolones
- Cidal; inhibit DNA gyrase
- Bone, CNS; Renal/Hepatic
- Not with anatacids or kids
- Gram - aerobes; UTI’s
18
Q
Streptomycin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Aminoglycosides
- Cidal, 30s
- IV/ Renal
- Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
- Gram (-) aerobes; Pseudomonas, E. Coli, TB
19
Q
Tetracycline:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Tetracycline
- Static 30s
- PO/ Renal Billiary
- Bone/teeth issues; GI superantigens (fungal)
- Broad + and -: Ricksietta, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Spirochetes
20
Q
Erythromycin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Macrolide
- 50s subunit inhibitor; static/cidal
- Good PO; concentrates in lungs; Hepatic biliary
- GI, CYP450 metabolism; PROLONGED QT! Cholestatic hepatitis
- Some gram +; some gram -; CA-Pneu; Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella
21
Q
Azithromycin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Macrolide
- 50s subunit inhibitor; static/cidal
- Good PO; concentrates in lungs; Hepatic biliary
- GI, CYP450 metabolism
- Some gram +; some gram -; CA-Pneu; Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella
22
Q
Clarithromycin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Macrolide
- 50s subunit inhibitor; static/cidal
- Good PO; concentrates in lungs; Hepatic biliary
- GI, CYP450 metabolism
- Some gram +; some gram -; CA-Pneu; Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella
23
Q
Cloramphenicol:
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- 50s subunit; static
- Good PO; Good CNS/CSF; Metab via glucuronidation
- Bone marrow toxicity, gray baby, GI upset
- Broad spectrum + Chlamydia, Neisseria, H Flu, Mycoplasma, Riscksietta
24
Q
Clindamycin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Lincosamide
- 50s ribosome; static
- Good PO (Into bone); hepatic metabolism
- Diarrhea/ C. Diff
- Narrow: Gram + cocci; Anaerobes, acne
25
Q
Streptogramins:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Synercid
- 50s ribosome; static
- IV / Hepatic
- CYP450 inhibitor; many
- Gram + and some gram -; life threatening VREF
26
Q
Oxazolidinones:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- AR’s?
- Spectrum?
A
- Zyvox
- 50s ribosome; static
- PO/IV ; Hepatic
- HA, gastro, inhibits MAO
- Gram +; life threatening VREF, MSSA, MRSA, Strep
27
Q
Sulfamethoxazole:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- Adverse?
- Spectrum?
A
- Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
- Static: Cydal (with TMP) Inhibit synthesis of folic acid/ PABA analog
- Good PO/ Renal-Hepatic
- Hypersensitivity, Kernicterus in neonates
- Broad; Chlamydia and protozoa
28
Q
Nitrofurantoin:
- Type?
- MOA?
- PK?
- Adverse?
- Spectrum? (2)
A
- Nitromidazoles
- Static: DNA damaging
- PO/Renal
- GI/ Hypersensitivity
- UTI/ E Coli