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Antibiotics Flashcards

0
Q

What are the drugs that inhibit cell membrane synthesis? (3)

A

Daptomycin
Polymyxin B
Colistimethate

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1
Q

What are the antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis? (9)

A 
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactam
Carbapenams
Glycopeotide
Lipoglycopeptides
Bacitracin
Cycloserine
Isoniazid
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2
Q

What is the drug that broadly inhibits protein synthesis (ie does not target a ribosome subunit specifically)?

A

Nitrofurantoin

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3
Q

What are the drugs/drug classes that inhibit the 50S ribosome? (6)

A 
Chloramphenicol 
Macrolides
Ketolide
Lincosamides
Oxalodinones
Streptogramins
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4
Q

What are the drugs/drug classes that inhibit the 30S ribosome? (4)

A

Tetracyclines
Glycylcycline
Aminoglycosides
Spectinomycin (D/C)

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5
Q

What is the drug class that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase?

A

Rifamycins

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6
Q

What is the drug class that inhibits DNA supercoiling and synthesis?

A

Quinolones

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7
Q

What is the drug class that binds DNA and causes cell death?

A

Metronidazole

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8
Q

What are the drugs that are antimetabolites?

A

Bactrim

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9
Q

What drugs are used for MRSA? (8)

A 
Vancomycin
Telavancin
Daptimycin
Linezolid
Synercid
Bactrim
Ceftaroline
Tigecycline
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10
Q

What drug is used for VRE?

A

Linezolid

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11
Q

What are the concentration-dependent killers? (2)

A

Aminoglycosides

Lipoglycopeptides (Telavancin)

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12
Q

Clavulonic acid pairs with

A

Amoxicillin and Ticarcillin

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13
Q

Sulbactam pairs with

A

Ampicillin and Cefoperazone

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14
Q

Tazobactam pairs with

A

Piperacillin

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15
Q

Four types of penicillins

A

Natural
Penicillinase resistant
Amino penicillins
Extended spectrum

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16
Q

Examples of penicillinase resistant penicillins

A 
Methicillin
Naficillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
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17
Q

Examples of amino penicillins

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

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18
Q

Example of monobactam

In the beta lactam group

A

Aztreonam

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19
Q

What drugs have the beta lactam in their core structure?

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactam
Carbapenams

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20
Q

What are the drugs that are neurotoxic? (5)

A 
Aminoglycosides 
Polymixins
Carbapenams
Cycloserine
Colistimethate
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21
Q

What are the drugs that are hepatotoxic? (4)

A

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Cycloserine
Telithromycin

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22
Q

What are the drugs that are ototoxic?

A

Vancomycin

Aminoglycosides

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23
Q

What are the drugs that are nephrotoxic? (5)

A 
Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin 
Colistimethate
Bacitracin
Polymixins
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24
Q

Which drug causes Gray Syndrome?

A

Chloramphenicol

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25
Q

Which drug is an MAOI?

A

Linezolid

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26
Q

Which drug turns body fluids red/orange/brown?

27
Q

Which drug class is for pen-resistant pneumoniae?

A

Streptogramins

28
Q

Which drug is for MDR pneumoniae?

A

Telithromycin

29
Q

Which drugs are primary alternatives if a patient has a beta lactam allergy?

A

Macrolides

Clindamycin

30
Q

What are the first and second line agents for TB?

A

First line
Rifampin and Isoniazid
Second line
Cycloserine

31
Q

Which drug class can cause tendon ruptures and what are the risk factors?

A

Fluroquinolones

>60, transplant, steroid use

32
Q

Which drugs cause photosensitivity?

A

Bactrim

Tetracyclines

33
Q

Which drug causes phototoxicity?

A

Fluoroquinolones

34
Q

Which drugs cause infusion reactions? (3)

A

Vancomycin
Linezolid
Telavancin

35
Q

Which drugs require a long infusion time?

A

Vancomycin
Telavancin
Linezolid
Fluroquinolones

36
Q

Which drugs prolong the QT interval?

A

Macrolides
Ketolide
Fluroquinolones
Synercid

37
Q

Drugs that treat C. diff (3)

A

Metronidazole
Fidaxomycin
Oral vancomycin

38
Q

Drugs that chelate (3)

A

Chloramphenicol
Tetracyclines
Fluoroquinolones

39
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for first generation cephalosporins?

A

Gram positive and modest gram negative

40
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for second generation cephalosporins?

A

Gram positive and increased gram negative

41
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for third generation cephalosporins?

A 
Less gram positive and more gram negative 
Space bugs (pseudomonas)
42
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for fourth generation cephalosporins?

A

Gram positive and gram negative–broadest spectrum to date

Pseudomonas

43
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for fifth generation cephalosporins?

A

Less gram positive and more gram negative

MRSA

44
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for natural penicillins?

A

Gram positive

45
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for penicillinase resistant penicillins?

A

Staph infections

46
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for amino penicillins?

A

Gram positive and modest gram negative

47
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for extended spectrum penicillins?

A

Gram positive and extended gram negative

Proteus and pseudomonas

48
Q

Which drugs/drug classes are enzyme inhibitors?

A 
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Clairithromycin
Telithromycin
Synercid
Metronidazole
Isoniazid 
Ciprofloxaxin
Quinolones
49
Q

Which drugs that are enzyme inhibitors are noncompetitive irreversible inhibitors?

A

Macrolides

Chloramphenicol

50
Q

Which drug class is an enzyme inducer?

A

Rifamycins

51
Q

Which drugs are good for gram positive infections?

A 
Vancomycin 
Telavancin
Daptomycin
Linezolid
Synercid
Bactrim
Ceftaroline
Tigecycline
Penicillins
52
Q

Which drugs are good for gram negative infections?

A

Colistimethate
Aminoglycosides
Polymixins
Aztreonam

53
Q

Which drugs have gram positive and some gram negative activity?

A

Macrolides
Amino penicillins
First generation cephalosporins

54
Q

Which drugs are good for pseudomonas? (7)

A 
Fluoroquinolones 
Aminoglycosides
Ceftazidime (third gen)
Extended spectrum penicillins
Carbapenams
Aztreonam
Cefepime (fourth gen)
55
Q

Which drugs cover atypical infections?

A

Macrolides
Fluoroquinolones
Tetracyclines

56
Q

Which drugs are mainly for anaerobes?

A

Metronidazole

Clindamycin

57
Q

Which drugs are good for bone infections?

A

Linezolid

Cephalosporins

58
Q

Examples of Macrolides

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Fidaxomycin

59
Q

Example of the workhorse lincosamide

A

Clindamycin

60
Q

Drugs that are basic

A

Macrolides

Chloramphenicol

61
Q

Examples of oxalodinones

A

Linezolid

Tedizolid

62
Q

Examples of streptogramins

A

Synercid
Quinupristin
Dalfopristin

63
Q

Examples of tetracyclines

A

Demeclocycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tetracycline

64
Q

Glycylclines

A

Tigecycline

Anti Infectives (4 decks)

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