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Pharmacology II > Antibiotics #3 > Flashcards

Antibiotics #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the mechanisms of action of Antibacterial drugs when they act on the: Cell wall

A
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2
Q

Describe the mechanisms of action of Antibacterial drugs when they act on the: Plasma membrane

A
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3
Q

Describe the mechanisms of action of Antibacterial drugs when they act on the: Ribosomes

A
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4
Q

Describe the mechanisms of action of Antibacterial drugs when they act on the: Metabolic pathways

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5
Q

Describe the mechanisms of action of Antibacterial drugs when they act on the: ATP synthesis

A
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6
Q

Describe the mechanisms of action of Antibacterial drugs when they act on the: DNA synthesis

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7
Q

Describe the mechanisms of action of Antibacterial drugs when they act on the: RNA synthesis

A
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8
Q
  1. Which drugs MOA is to disrupt cell membranes?
  2. What drug class do each of these classes belong to?
  3. What do these drugs target?
A
  1. Polymixin B, Colistin, Daptomycin
  2. Polymixin B, Colistin = Polymixin B; Daptomycin = Lipopeptide
  3. Polymixin B, Colistin –> LPS, inner and outer membranes of Gram - bacteria; Daptomycin –> LPS, inner and outer membranes of Gram + bacteria
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9
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Polymixin B. Which species is it used in?

A

Bacitracin = belongs to first class, whiich inhbit cell wall and is used in horses.
Neosporin: brand name for brand name contaiing Neomycin sulfate and bhacitracin zinc. Available in topical dosage forms, eyedrops, creams, etc.

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10
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Colistin. Which species is it used in?

A
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11
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Daptomycin. Which species is it used in?

A
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12
Q

What is route of administration of Polymyxins and Lipopeptides?

A

OP in cattle and swine, IV drip in horses, topical

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13
Q

What is the PK of Polymyxins and Lipopeptides?

A

Polymyxin is not absorbed orally

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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of Polymyxins and Lipopeptides?

A

No systemic toxicity

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15
Q
  1. Which drugs inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
  2. Which drug class do these drugs belong to?
  3. What do these drugs target?
A
  1. Rifampin, Enrofloxacin, Danofloxacin, Orbifloxacin
  2. Rifampin = Rifamycin, Enrofloxacin, Danofloxacin, Orbifloxacin = Fluoroquinolones
  3. Rifampin –> bacterial RNA polymerase activity, Enrofloxacin, Danofloxacin, Orbifloxacin –> Bacterial DNA gyrase (topo II) activity
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16
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Rifampin. Which species is it used in?

A
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17
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Enrofloxacin. Which species is it used in?

A

This is a fluroquinolone

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18
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Danofloxacin. Which species is it used in?

A

This is a fluroquinolone

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19
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Difloxacin. Which species is it used in?

A

This is a fluro

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20
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Orbigloxacin, Marbofloxacin. Which species is it used in?

A

This is a fluoro

21
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Pradofloxacin. Which species is it used in?

A

This is a fluoro

22
Q

What is the route of administrtion of Fluoroquinolones?

A

orally and parenterally

23
Q

What is the PK of Fluoroquinilones?

A

Rapid oral absorption
Distribution includes CNS, bone, prostate
Hepatic metabolism
Bile/urine excretion

24
Q

Resistance to Fluoroquniolones occurs due to ?

A

due to mutations in genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase.
Subtherapeutic levels of F. may allow the growth of mutants

25
Q

What are the adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?

A

▪ Chondrotoxicity (articular cartilage erosion) in puppies
▪ Seizures in epileptic dogs (enrofloxacin)
▪ Retinal degeneration in cats

26
Q

Extra-label use of Fluoroquinolones in food animals is

A

prohibited

27
Q

Fluoroquinolones are banned in

A

poultry

28
Q

What is the MOA of antimetabolites?

A

Blocking bacterial biosynthesis of folic acid essential for purine and DNA synthesi

29
Q

Antimetabolites target?

A

Folic acid synthesis enzyme

30
Q

Which drug classes belong to the antimetabolite category? Which drugs are within these classes?

A
31
Q

What is the MOA of sulfonamides?

A

structural analogs of para aminobenzoic acid (PABA),
an early intermediate in folic acid synthesis

32
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Sulfamethazine. Which species is it used in?

A

Pay attention to bacteriostatic (and the ones above are bacteriocidal)

33
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Sulfachlorpyridazine. Which species is it used in?

A
34
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Sulfamethoxazole. Which species is it used in?

A
35
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Sulfacetamide. Which species is it used in?

A
36
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Sulfasalazine. Which species is it used in?

A
37
Q

List the therapeutic uses of Potentiated Sulfonamides. Which species is it used in?

A
38
Q

What is the route of administration of Solfonamides?

A

Orally or by injection, depending on specie

39
Q

What is the PK of sulfonamides?

A

Well absorbed
Widely distributed to tissues
Binding to albumin (50-75%)
Liver metabolism varies in different species
Renal excretion

40
Q

Resistance to Sulfonamides occurs due to?

A

due to mechanisms which include increased PABA production
decreased binding to synthase
bacterial metabolism

41
Q

What are the adverse effects of Sulfonamides?

A

▪ Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes) in dogs
▪ Arthritis in Dobermans
▪ Renal crystalluria (rare)
▪ Thrombocytopenia and anemia (rare)

42
Q

What is the MOA, spectrum, and toxicity of Aminocyclitois?

A
43
Q

What is the MOA, spectrum, and toxicity of Metronidazole?

A
44
Q

Make cards for rest

A
45
Q

Antimicrobials have been used in animals for almost as long as they have been available
to people. They have revolutionized our approach to the treatment and prevention of
diseases and have brought considerable benefits to people and animals by:
▪ alleviating pain and suffering
▪ ensuring food security
▪ protecting livelihoods
▪ reducing zoonotic disease sprea

A
46
Q

Antimicrobials/antibiotics are used for a range of purposes in food animals, but there are two major categories. List and explain each.

A
47
Q

What is the use of antibiotics in livestock?

A
48
Q
A
49
Q
A

Green box should be cell membrane

Pharmacology II (27 decks)

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