Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Antimicrobials > Antibiotics 2b > Flashcards

Antibiotics 2b Flashcards

1
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors generally have a (blank) effect by disrupting (blank)?

A

Bacteriostatic effect by disrupting translation (either 30s or 50s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit the 30s subunit? (1)

A

Tetracyclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit the 50s subunit? (2)

A

Chloramphenicol

Macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aminoglycosides (6)

A 
Streptomycin
Gentamicin
Kanamycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Neomycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aminoglycoside spectrum of activity

Static or killer?

A

Broad spectrum of activity

Bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aminoglycosides are often combined with which other antibiotic class? Why?

A

Combined with B-lactam

Treat serious Gram negative infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MOA of aminoglycosides

A

Bind to 30s subunit and disrupt initiation of peptide formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Key adverse effects of aminoglycosides (2)

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the three macrolides

A

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Macrolide spectrum

A

Mostly GRAM + and SOME GRAM -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Macrolides- bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic at LOW CONCENTRATIONS

Bactericidal at HIGH CONCENTRATIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA of Macrolides

A

50s inhibitors thus preventing ELONGATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Key adverse effect of macrolides?

Why?

A 
GI UPSET (N/V/D)
Macrolides are motilin receptor agonists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name 4 Tetracyclines…if you can’t name 1 you go home and slap your face

A

Tetracycline
Minocycline
Tigecycline
Doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spectrum of tetracyclines? Static or killer?

A

Broad spectrum that exerts a BACTERIOSTATIC effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MOA of tetracyclines?

A

30s inhibitors…prevents ELONGATION of peptide chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nutrient interaction of tetracyclines? Based on this, which population should avoid these drugs?

A

Binds CALCIUM which results in growth of calcified tissue and turns teeth brown
May not want to use in CHILDREN, TEENAGERS, or PREGNANT WOMEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Key adverse effects (2) of tetracyclines

A
  1. Disrupts normal flora

2. Photosensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

Inhibits the 50s subunit preventing INITIATION COMPLEXES and TRANSPEPTIDATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Clindamycin spectrum of activity

A

NARROW spectrum
Anaerobic infections, aspiration pneumonia, anaerobic infections
Soft-tissue infections, community acquired MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Key adverse effect of Clindamycin

A

Makes a patient more susceptible to C. diff infection

pseudomembranous colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chloramphenicol spectrum? Static or killer?

A

BROAD spectrum that exerts a BACTERIOSTATIC effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chloramphenicol use? (3)

A

Serious infections such as typhus and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever…also eye infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MOA of chloramphenicol

A

50s subunit inhibitor (prevents translocation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Key adverse effects (2) of chloramphenicol

A

RBC production suppression

Gray Baby Syndrome due to glucironic acid conjugation deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The only oxazolidinone is…

A

Linezolid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Linezolid spectrum of action

A

Effective against MOST GRAM + but is NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINST FOR MOST GRAM -

28
Q

Linezolid primarily used for

A

Treating bacterial strains resistant to penicillin, methicillin, and vancomycin

29
Q

MOA of linezolid

A

50s inhibitor by preventing formation of the ribosomal-fMET-tRNA complex (step 1)

30
Q

Key adverse effect of Linezolid

A

Myelosuppression

31
Q

Name all classes or protein synthesis inhibitors

A 
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracylcines
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Oxazolidinones
32
Q

DNA Synthesis Inhibitors–Antifolate Drugs

Sulfonamides (3)

A

Sulfadiazine
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethizole

33
Q

How are sulfonamides effective?

A

Bacteria must synthesize their own folate while mammalian cells do not. Sulfonamides block the folate synthesis pathway early one

34
Q

MOA of sulfonamides

A

Sulfonamides compete with PABA and inhibit dihydropteroate synthase thereby inhibiting dihydrofolic acid synthesis…thereby ending DNA synthesis

35
Q

Resistance to sulfonamides

A

Bacteria may produce excess PABA and outcompete the sulfonamides

36
Q

Adverse effects of sulfonamides:
Skin
Urinary Tract

A

Skin- photosensitivity and STEVEN JOHNSON SYNDROME

Urinary tract: Sulfonamides precipitate in urine which can cause an obstruction

37
Q

Sulfonamide use in UTIs

A

Sulfonamides DO PRECIPITATE in urine which is why they are good at treating UTIs

38
Q

Trimethoprims (2)

A

Trimethoprim

Pyrimethamine

39
Q

Spectrum of activity for trimethoprims

A

GRAM NEGATIVE bacteria

40
Q

Resistance to TMPs

A

Resistance may occur if there is a change in drug uptake or reduced reductase binding

41
Q

MOA of TMPs

A

Inhibitor of BACTERIAL DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE resulting in impaired DNA synthesis

42
Q

Key adverse effect of TMPs

Blood-

A

Myelosuppression

43
Q

TMP-SMX is commonly used to treat (2)

A

UTIs

Prostatitis

44
Q

MOA of TMP-SMX

A

Synergistic inhibition activity of DNA synthesis

45
Q

Fluoroquinolones (2)

A

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

46
Q

Spectrum of fluoroquinolones

A

BROAD spectrum against GRAM + and GRAM -

47
Q

Fluoroquinolone uses (5)

A 
Urinary
GI
Respiratory
STDs
Bioterrorism (anthrax)
48
Q

MOA of fluoroquinolones

A

Specifically INHIBIT TOPOISOMERASE II and TOPOISOMERASE IV

49
Q

Adverse effects of fluroquinolones

GI, nutrient, cardiac

A

GI: N/V/D
Nutrient interaction: bind divalent cations and neither get absorbed
Cardiac: QT prolongation

50
Q

Group 1 fluroquinolones (1) and spectrum

A

Norfloxacin- lease active fluroquinolone

51
Q

Group 2 fluroquinolones (3) and spectrum

A

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin
Works well against GRAM -
Some activity against GRAM +

52
Q

Group 3 fluroquinolones (3) and spectrum

A

Getifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin

Best activity against GRAM +

53
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Not sure really…works well against bacteria and protozoa.

Definitely is a prodrug

54
Q

Metronidazole spectrum

A

Limited to ANAEROBIC bacteria

55
Q

Metronidazole uses (4)

A
  1. Abdominal infections
  2. Vaginal infections
  3. C. DIFF
  4. Brain abscess
56
Q

Metronidazole key adverse effect

A

Metabolism- disulfram effect (avoid alcohol)

57
Q

Lipopeptides target the…

A

Cell membrane

58
Q

Only lipopeptide

A

Daptomycin

59
Q

Spectrum of daptomycin

A

GRAM + bacteria

60
Q

Daptomycin uses (3)

A
  1. Complicated skin and soft tissue infections
  2. Bacteremia
  3. Endocarditis
61
Q

MOA of daptomycin

A

Binds to and causes depolarization of the MEMBRANE. Ultimately, daptomycin is BACTERICIDAL

62
Q

Key adverse effects of daptomycin (1)

A

Patient may complain of muscle soreness

63
Q

Detergent targeting cell wall

A

Polymyxin B

64
Q

Polymyxin B often combined with (blank) to treat (blank)

A

Combined with bacitracin to skin infections

65
Q

MOA of polymyxin B

A

Binds to phospholipids in cell membrane and disrupt structure

Antimicrobials (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions