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Pharmacology Test 2 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

folic acid inhibitor

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2
Q

Sulfonamides common indications

A

CA-MRSA, UTI, PCP Tx and prophylaxis

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3
Q

Sulfonamides major ADRs

A

rash, SJS, renal, heme

high incidence of allergy and resistance

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4
Q

Sulfonamides examples

A

SMX/trimethoprim (Bactrim)
Silvadene (topical for burns)
class C/D

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5
Q

Penicillins MOA

A 
bacteriocidal, inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
class B
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6
Q

Penicillins major ADRs

A

allergy, rash, GI, hepatic, renal, superinfection

monobactams- n/v/d, seizure, leukopenia

carbapenems - heme, altered bleeding, seizures

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7
Q

narrow spectrum penicillins spectrum and indications

A

gram +, N. meningiditis

strep, syphilis, meningitis, pharyngitis, endocarditis, CAP

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8
Q

narrow spectrum penicillins examples

A

PCN G (IV), PCN G (IM)
benzathine - DOC for syphilis
PCN V K (PO)

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9
Q

extended spectrum penicillins spectrum and indications

A

gram +, gram - especially E. coli, H. flu, proteus)

UTI, AOM, meningitis, sinusitis

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10
Q

extended spectrum penicillins examples

A

ampicillin
amoxicillin
piperacillin - often combined with beta lactamase inhibitors
ticarcillin - often combined with beta lactamase inhibitors

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11
Q

Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins spectrum and indications

A

beta lactamase producing gram + (staph), some gram -

serious or resistant infections like endocarditis, osteomyelitis

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12
Q

PCNs + beta lactamase inhibitors spectrum and indications

A

beta lactamase producing gram + (staph) and gram - (H. flu, gonococci, pseudomonas)

pneumonia, sinusitis, bite wounds, diabetic foot ulcers

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13
Q

PCNs + beta lactamase inhibitors examples

A

amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
ticarcillin/clavulanate
ampicillin/sulbactam
piperacillin/tazobactam

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14
Q

monobactam spectrum and indications

A

most gram - (pseudomonas)

pneumonias, sepsis

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15
Q

monobactam examples

A

aztreonam

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16
Q

carbapenems spectrum and indications

A

very broad spectrum

serious nosocomial infections, intra-abdominal infections, gun shot wounds, pendicitis

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17
Q

carbapenems examples

A

imipenem/cilistatin
meropenem
ertapenem
doripenem

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18
Q

cephalosporins MOA

A

bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor

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19
Q

cephalosporins ADRs

A

allergy, rash, GI, hepatic, renal, superinfection, headache, rare heme effects

Class B

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20
Q

1st generation cephalosporin spectrum and indications

A

good for gram +, limited gram -

skin and soft tissue infections, UTI, surgical prohylaxis

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21
Q

1st generation cephalosporin examples

A

cefazolin

cephalexin

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22
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin spectrum and indications

A

good for gram +, some gram - –> H. flu

URTI, AOM, CAP, PID

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23
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin examples

A

cefcalor
cefotetan
cefoxitin
cefuroxime (PO and IV)

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24
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin spectrum and indications

A

less gram +, more gram -

AOM, pneumonias, intra-abdominal infections, sepsis, UTI, lymes, gonorrhea, DOC for endocarditis and meningitis

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25
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins examples

A

**cefdinir
**cefixime
ceftriaxone
ceftazidime
cefotaxamine
ceftizoxime

26
Q

4th generation cephalosporins spectrum and indications

A

best for gram -

used to treat infections due to multi drug resistant bacteria

27
Q

4th generation cephalosporins examples

28
Q

5th generation cephalosporins spectrum and indications

A

MRSA coverage

used to treat infections due to multi drug resistant bacteria

29
Q

5th generation cephalosporins examples

A

ceftaroline

30
Q

fluroquinolones MOA

A

bacteriocidal; inhibits DNA topoisomerase

Class C

31
Q

fluroquinolones spectrum and indications

A

very broad spectrum

UTI, prostatitis, enteritis, traveler’s diarrhea, intra-abdominal infection, URTI, neutropenia, sinusitis, bronchitis, Legionella, CAP, mycobacterial infections, soft tissue infections,
DOC for anthrax

32
Q

fluroquinolones ADRs

A

GI, rash, photosensitivity, CNS, rash, tendinopathy in elderly

CONTRAINDICATED in CHILDREN <18

DDI w/ antacids, vitamins, dairy products

33
Q

fluroquinolones examples

A

all end in floxacin

respiratory = gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin

34
Q

macrolides MOA

A

bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal (high concentrations); inhibits protein synthesis on 50s ribosomal subunit

Class B

35
Q

macrolides spectrum and indications

A

gram + cocci and bacilli, some gram - bacilli and cocci; chlamydia, spirochetes, mycobacteria

URTI, skin and soft tissue infections, AOM
DOC for mycoplasma, pneumonia, endocarditis

36
Q

macrolides examples

A

erythromycin

37
Q

advanced macrolides MOA

A

bacteriocidal, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis on 50s ribosomal subunit

38
Q

advanced macrolides spectrum and indications

A

same as erythromycin but with more gram - coverage

same as erythromycin + LRTI, sinusitis, all CAP, genitourinary tract infection, STDs, PID, MAC, H. pylori in PUD

39
Q

advanced macrolides ADRs

A

IV form can cause ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis, less GI effects
many DDIs

40
Q

macrolides ADRs

A

significant GI effects, IV form can cause ototoxicity and thrombophlebitis
many DDIs

41
Q

advanced macrolides examples

A

azithromycin (B)

clarithromycin (C)

42
Q

tetracyclines MOA

A

bacteriostatic

inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at 30s ribosomal unit

43
Q

tetracyclines spectrum and indications

A

some gram +, some gram -, some anaerobes

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, lyme disease, PID, chlamydia, syphilis, acne, anthrax

44
Q

tetracyclines ADRs

A

yellow/gray teeth, weak bones, n/v/d, fever, rash, photosensitivity, severe nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity
DDIs with antacids, vitamins, dairy products

45
Q

tetracyclines examples

A

tetracycline (D)
doxycycline (D)
minocycline (D)

46
Q

aminoglycosides MOA

A

bacteriocidal

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis at 30s ribosomal unit

47
Q

aminoglycosides spectrum and indications

A

better gram - than most classes

serious infections such as septicemia, RTI, post op and intra-abdominal infections, complicated and recurrent UTI, febrile neutropenia

48
Q

aminoglycoisdes ADRs

A

significant nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
only given parenterally
usually given with other antibiotics to reduce dose/toxicity

49
Q

aminoglycosides examples

A 
gentamicin
streptomycin
neomycin
tobramycin
amikacin
50
Q

Chloramphenicol (C) MOA

A

inhibits protein synthesis at 50s subunit

51
Q

Chloramphenicol (C) spectrum and indications

A

extremely wide spectrum

typhoid fever, increasing indications due to bacterial resistance for other drugs

52
Q

Chloramphenicol (C) ADRs

A

very toxic, only given as last resort drug
bone marrow suppression irreversible and often fatal
gray baby syndrome

53
Q

Vancomycin (C) MOA

A

bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor

54
Q

Vancomycin (C) spectrum and indications

A

gram + and anaerobes, MRSA

endocarditis, osteomyelitis, other serious infections, often reserved for MRSA, PO form for C. diff

55
Q

Vancomycin (C) ADRs

A

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity,
RED MAN SYNDROME
edema, HTN
monitor serum levels

56
Q

Metronidazole (B) MOA

A

enters anaerobic cells, disrupts DNA, inhibits DNA synthesis

57
Q

Metronidazole (B) spectrum and indications

A

anaerobes and protozoa

DOC for C. diff
trichomoniasis, giardiasis, non-gonococcal urethritis, PID, anaerobic and mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections, amebiasis and amebic liver abscess caused by E. histolyitica, H. pylori, PUD, rosacea

58
Q

Metronidazole (B) ADRs

A

h/a, dark urine, rash, antabuse reaction
NO ALCOHOL

often added to broad spectrum for increased coverage in some infections

59
Q

Clindamycin (B) MOA

A

inhibits protein synthesis at 50s subunit

60
Q

Clindamycin (B) spectrum and indications

A

gram + and some anaerobes

strep, staph, MSSA, (when allergic to other antibiotics);PID, vaginosis

61
Q

Clindamycin (B) ADRs

A

similar to macrolides, IV used most often, high incidence of C. diff diarrhea
do not use for more than 10 days

Pharmacology Test 2 (7 decks)

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