Antibiotics Flashcards
Penicillin G/V
MOA: B-Lactam, inhibit cell wall, binds PBP
Use: G+ strep, staph, SYPHILIS
SE: Hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia
Aminopenicillin (PCNase sensitive)
-Ampicilli, amoxicillin
MOA: B-Lactam, inhibit cell wall
USE: ESBL: H flu, E coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella (HELPS) and enterococci
SE: Hypersensitivity, rash
Resistance: Penicillinase
PCNase Resistant (Diclocicillin, Oxacillin)
MOA: B-Lactam
Use: S.Aureus (not MRSA)
SE: Hypersensitivity, interstitial nephritis
ESBL (Piperacillin, Ticarcillin)
MOA: B-Lactam
Use: Pseudomonas, G- rods, Combine with B-lactamase inhibitors (Tazobactam, clavulonate, Sulbactam)
SE: Hypersensitivity
Cefazolin, Cephalexin (1st Generation)
MOA: B-Lactams, more G- coverage
Uses: 1st Gen (Cefazolin/Cephalexin)- pre surgical S. Aureus, Proteus, E coli, Klebsiella (PEcK)
Cefuroxime (2nd Generation)
Use: H flu, Enterobacter, Neisseria and PEcK
Ceftriaxone (3rd Generation)
Use: G-, meningitis, gonorrhea, pneumococcal pneumonia (don’t bind to PBP2b)
Cefepime (4th Gen)
Use: Pseudomonas and G+
Monobactams (aztreonam)
MOA: B-Lactam
Use: G- Rods Only, non allergenic (lack the 5-6 member ring on penicillin)
SE: none, GI distress occasionally
Carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem)
MOA: B-Lactam
Use: Life threatening G+, G- rods, and anaerobes. Must use CILASTIN with Imipenem to prevent degradation in Kidney
SE: GI, Rash
Vancomycin
MOA: Prevents cell wall cross linkin, binds D-ala D-ala
Use: G+ ONLY, MRSA, C. Diff, enterococci
Resistance: Changes to D-ala D-Lac, can’t bind
SE: RED MAN SYNDROME
Daptomycin
MOA: Inserts into Teichoic acids of G+
Use: VRE/VRSA
SE: Rhabdomyolysis
Colistin
MOA: Binds LPS, destroys G-
Use: G-
Linezolid
MOA: Inhibits Inititation Complex (50s ribosome)
Use: VRSA, MRSA
SE: Bone marrow suppression
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin)
MOA: Oxygen activated, misreading of mRNA, blocks Translation
Use: Severe G- AEROBES only
SE: Nephrotoxic (ATN), Neuromuscular block (dec. Ach release, Ototoxic)
Resistance: Acetylation
Tetracyclines (Doxycycline)
MOA: Binds 30s ribosome, blocks tRNA attachement at A site
Use: Intracellular (chlamydia, rickettsia,) B. Burgdorferi, chlamydia
-Do not take with Ca+2, prevents absorption
-Fecal elimination of Doxy=safe in renal failure
SE: Teeth discoloration, Photosensitivity
Macrolides (erithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin)
MOA: Blocks translocation (50s)
Use: Atypical (Mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia), G+ cocci (strep in PCN allergies)
SE: Arrhythmia (QT), rash
Resistance: Methylation at 23rRNA site
Chloamphenicol
MOA: blocks peptidyltransferase 50s
Use: Meningitis (H flu, Neisseria, Strep pneumo)
and RMSF
SE: Anemia, Grey Baby Syndrome (lack UDP glucouronyl transferase)
Clindamycin
MOA: Blocks Transloacation 50s
Use: Anaerobes above disaphragm (bacteroides, C. Perforingens), GAS
SE: C Diff Colitis
Sulfanomides (SMX, Dapsone)
MOA: Anti-metabolite (blocks Dihyropteroate Synthase)
Use: G+, G-, nocardia, chlamydia, UTIs
SE: Hemolysis in G6PD deficient, Photosensitivity, Kernicteurus
-Combo with TMP (bactrim)
Trimethoprim (TMP)
MOA: DHFR inhibitor (anti-metabolite)
Use: UTI, PCP in HIV, Toxoplasmosis
SE: Hyperkalemia (triamterene analog), anemia
Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
MOA: Inhibit DNA Gyrase (cipro), and Topoisomerase IV (levo)
Use: G- rods in UTI, Pneumonia, Neisseria, some G+
SE: TORSADES (QT), cartilage damage (CI in pregnancy)
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
MOA: Free radical DNA damage
Use: Giardia Entamoeba Trichomonas, Gardrenella, anaerobes, H. Pylori (GET GAP), C. Diff
SE: Disulfram like rxn with EtOH, Metallic taste
Isoniazid
MOA: Cell wall inhibitor
Use: TB tx and prophylaxis
Tox: Peripheral neuropathy (due to B6 deficiency), SLE syndrome, sideroblastic anemia (B6)
-Give pyridoxine (B6) concurrently
Rifampin
MOA: RNA polymerase inhibitor
USE: TB
SE: induces p450, red/orange body fluids
Pyrazinamide
MOA: unknown
Use: TB
SE: precipitates gout, hepatotoxic
Ethambutol
MOA: blocks cell wall
Use: TB
SE: Optic neuropathy (red-green)
