Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS antibiotics and agar > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

learn abx groupings and mechanisms

1
Q

Cell wall synthesis> B lactams> carbapenems

list 3

A

imipenem
ertapenem
meropenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell wall synthesis>B lactams>Penicillins

list:
-1 narrow spectrum
- 2 broad spectrum

A

Narrow: Penicillin

Broad: amoxicillin, ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell wall synthesis: B lactams>Cephalosporins

list one for each generation

A
  1. cephalexin
  2. cefoxitin, cefuroxime
  3. cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefixime
  4. cefepime
  5. ceftaroline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cell wall synthesis> no B-lactam> glycopeptides

List 2

A

Vancomycin
Teicoplanin

(Polymixin B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Side effects of Vancomycin?

A

ototoxicity/nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Protein synthesis affecting antibiotics are bacteriostatic except for….

A

Aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Protein synthesis> 30S subunit> tetracyclins

list 2

A

tetracycline

doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Protein synthesis> 30S subunit> aminoglycosides

list 4 and their side effects

A

Tobramycin
Amikacin
Neomycin
Gentamicin

ototoxic/nephrotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Protein synthesis> 50S subunit> lincosamides

name one

A

clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Protein synthesis> 50S subunit> macrolides

name 3

A

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is MLSBi?

Which enzyme is involved?

Which antibiotics?

A

Inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance.

Erythromycin induces clindamycin resistance via inducing methylase enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which antibiotics which affect protein synthesis are bacteriostatic?

A

Tetracyclins: TET, DOX

Macrolides: ERY, AZI, CLR

Lincosamides: DA

Linezolid and chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which antibiotic is excreted through the urinary tract rather than removed by the liver?

A

Nitrofurantoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DNA synthesis inhibitors> fluoroquinolones

list 3

A

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Norfloxacin (used as indicator in Staphs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DNA synthesis inhibitors> quinolones

name 1

A

Nalidixic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name two antibiotics which affect folic acid synthesis and the name of the effect when they are used together (e.g. additive, antagonistic, synergistic)

A

Sulphamethoxazole
+
trimethoprim

SYNERGY

17
Q

Which antibiotic damages DNA directly?

A

MTZ

18
Q

Which antibiotic interferes with mRNA synthesis?

A

Rifampicin

19
Q

Name 3 ways bacteria can develop resistance to B-lactams

A
  1. B-lactamases
  2. mutations of PBPs
  3. altered porins
20
Q

KESC group are always resistant to ampicillin/amoxicillin

True or false?

A

True - intrinsic resistance due to low permeability of cell wall

21
Q

Van - A resistance infers which results for Vanc/Teic?

A

Vanc = R
Teic = R

22
Q

Van - B resistance infers which results for Vanc/Teic?

A

Vanc = R
Teic = S

23
Q

Can an enterococci be Van = S and Teic = R ?

A

NO - Both antibiotics are
glycopeptides, and resisistance
is determined by Van-A, Van-B
or Van-C genes. None of these
genes impart Teicoplanin
resistance AND Vancomycin
susceptibility. The profiles are:
Van-A (Vanc and Teic R), Van-B
(Vanc R, Teic S) or Van-C
(partial Vanc R)

24
Q

Can Gram positive bacteria be susceptible to Colistin?

A

NO - Colistin targets lipopolysaccharides in Gram negative cell walls, so cannot act on Gram positives.
All GRam positive organisms are resistant to colistin

25
Q

Ampicillin + gentamicin is an example of what type of antimicrobial combination?

Why?

Used in which infections?

A

Synergism

Ampicillin damages cell membranes and allows the aminoglycoside to enter the cell

endocarditis

26
Q

Common antagonistic combination of antibiotics

A

ERY + DA

27
Q

What is an additive effect?

A

The combination has an effect which is equal to the sum of the two different drugs - no more, no less

28
Q

What are the big 5 genes responsible for ESBL production?

A

“VONKI”
VIM
OXA-48
NDM
KPC
IMP

BMS antibiotics and agar (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions