antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five main targets for antibiotics?

A
  1. cell wall inhibition
  2. cell membrane
  3. inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
  4. inhibition of folic acid synthesis
  5. protein synthesis inhibitors(most broad spectrum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Things to know about:
Penicillin, Ampicillin, amoxicillin

A

fight gram positive bacteria
5 ring structure with beta lactam ring
prevent cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which drugs work on the cell wall?

A

Penicillin, Ampicillin, amoxicillin
cephalosporin
carbapenems
vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which drugs work on the cell membrane?

A

polymyxin
daptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which drugs work on protein synthesis?

A

tetracycline
erythromycin
azithromycin
neomycin

ProTEAN synthesis
Proteins are NEAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which drugs work on DNA/RNA synthesis?

A

Rifamycin
Cipro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which drugs work on folic acid synthesis?

A

sulfonamides
trimethoprim

Folic Acid Sulfonamides Trimethoprim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the antifungals

A

lamisil
imidazole
amphotercin

LIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list the antiprotozoals

A

hydroxychloroquine
metrinidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

list the parasitic worm drugs

A

Niclosamide
ivermectin
permethrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gram positive bacteria drugs work on the

A

cell wall because it has such a thick wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gram negative bacteria are what color?
gram posotive bacteria are what color?

A

pink
purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how did the ancient Egyptians treat wounds?

A

apply moldy bread to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vancomycin clinical use and adverse effects:

A

glycopeptide that is useful for gram positive bacteria

resistant to beta-lactamase
so a good alternative to PCN resistant bacteria (MRSA)

used to be “drug of last resort” not anymore

toxicity: 10% adverse reactions
Redneck syndrome from release of histamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does vancomycin work?

A

attaches to cross linking amino acids that are a part of the cell wall
blocks the enzyme that cross links the cell wall from fitting into that spot
so it can no longer cross link
cell wall degenerates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which drugs are resistant to beta lactamase?

A

vancomycin
carbapenem

17
Q

polymixins

A

used topically very safe
good for topical wounds.
“in triple abx”

18
Q

what is the most wide spread antibiotic?

A

tetracycline

19
Q

tetracycline side effects:

A

bacteriostatic - doesn’t actually kill bacteria, just stops it from growing

C-diff

bone disorders of non-fully formed bone
(yellow teeth)
DON’T give to CHILDREN

20
Q

side effects of azithromycin and erythromycin?

A

cause flatulence

21
Q

what are the -mycins good for?

A

atypical bacteria

22
Q

How do sulfonamide and trimethoprim work?

A

affect folic acid synthesis by blocking the production of folic acid

PABA is used to make DNA and RNA.
Sulfonamides block PABA from being able to work.