antibiotics Flashcards
What are the five main targets for antibiotics?
- cell wall inhibition
- cell membrane
- inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
- inhibition of folic acid synthesis
- protein synthesis inhibitors(most broad spectrum)
Things to know about:
Penicillin, Ampicillin, amoxicillin
fight gram positive bacteria
5 ring structure with beta lactam ring
prevent cell wall synthesis
which drugs work on the cell wall?
Penicillin, Ampicillin, amoxicillin
cephalosporin
carbapenems
vancomycin
which drugs work on the cell membrane?
polymyxin
daptomycin
which drugs work on protein synthesis?
tetracycline
erythromycin
azithromycin
neomycin
ProTEAN synthesis
Proteins are NEAT
which drugs work on DNA/RNA synthesis?
Rifamycin
Cipro
which drugs work on folic acid synthesis?
sulfonamides
trimethoprim
Folic Acid Sulfonamides Trimethoprim
List the antifungals
lamisil
imidazole
amphotercin
LIA
list the antiprotozoals
hydroxychloroquine
metrinidazole
list the parasitic worm drugs
Niclosamide
ivermectin
permethrin
gram positive bacteria drugs work on the
cell wall because it has such a thick wall
gram negative bacteria are what color?
gram posotive bacteria are what color?
pink
purple
how did the ancient Egyptians treat wounds?
apply moldy bread to them
Vancomycin clinical use and adverse effects:
glycopeptide that is useful for gram positive bacteria
resistant to beta-lactamase
so a good alternative to PCN resistant bacteria (MRSA)
used to be “drug of last resort” not anymore
toxicity: 10% adverse reactions
Redneck syndrome from release of histamines
How does vancomycin work?
attaches to cross linking amino acids that are a part of the cell wall
blocks the enzyme that cross links the cell wall from fitting into that spot
so it can no longer cross link
cell wall degenerates
which drugs are resistant to beta lactamase?
vancomycin
carbapenem
polymixins
used topically very safe
good for topical wounds.
“in triple abx”
what is the most wide spread antibiotic?
tetracycline
tetracycline side effects:
bacteriostatic - doesn’t actually kill bacteria, just stops it from growing
C-diff
bone disorders of non-fully formed bone
(yellow teeth)
DON’T give to CHILDREN
side effects of azithromycin and erythromycin?
cause flatulence
what are the -mycins good for?
atypical bacteria
How do sulfonamide and trimethoprim work?
affect folic acid synthesis by blocking the production of folic acid
PABA is used to make DNA and RNA.
Sulfonamides block PABA from being able to work.
