Antibiotics Flashcards
How is croup treated?
1st line = single dose of oral dexamethosone, alternatives = oral prednisolone or nebulised budesonide to reduce severity. Nebulised adrenaline can be given in an emergency as it acts more quickly than steroids
How is bronchiolitis managed?
Reassurance and observation, supplementary O2 if saturations are low, avoid overfeeding
How is paediatric pneumonia managed?
Amoxicillin = 1st line (S. pneumoniae)
Co-amoxiclav (H. influenzae), erythromycin (mycoplasma pneumoniae), clarithromycin (allergy) are alternatives for 5 days
How is acute epiglottitis managed?
DO NOT EXAMINE! Give oxygen, call the anaesthetist and ENT for intubation and airway management. Once they are stabilised, give IV ceftriaxone or dexamethosome
How is an infective exacerbation of CF managed?
S. aureus - flucloxicillin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - tobramycin, ciprofloxacin
H. influenzae - co amoxiclav
How is paediatric gastroenteritis managed?
Isolate, oral rehydration therapy/IV fluids depending on tolerance of oral intake. Once fluid intake is tolerated, light foods can be started. Antibiotics or antiemetics aren’t recommended
How are UTIs managed in children?
<3 months - urgent referral to a paediatrician, IV ceftriaxone, septic screen
>3m with an upper UTI - cephalexin, co-amoxiclav
>3m with a lower UTI - trimethoprim, nitro
How is meningitis managed in children <3m?
Cefotaxime and amoxicillin to cover listeria. IV dexamethasone can also be given to reduce risk of long term complications (not if systemic disease!)
How is meningitis managed in children >3m?
Ceftriaxone. IV dexamethasone can also be given to reduce risk of long term complications (not if systemic disease!)
How is meningitis managed in the community?
IM benzylpenicillin and call an ambulance immediately
How is viral HSV meningitis managed?
Aciclovir
How are contacts of meningitis managed?
Ciprofloxacin
How is encephalitis managed?
Aciclovir for HSV or VCZ encephalitis, and supportive treatment. Ganciclovir is used to treat cytomegalovirus.
How is septic arthritis managed?
Flucloxicillin for 4-6 weeks (and rifampicin added in the first 2 weeks?)
How is osteomyelitis managed
IV flucloxicillin for 6 weeks, with rifampicin added in the first 2 weeks
How is MRSA treated?
Vancomycin
How is periorbital cellulitis managed?
Fluids, analgesia, empirical co-amoxiclav for 7 days
How is orbital cellulitis managed?
Fluids, analgesia, IV co-amoxiclav
How is cellulitis managed?
Flucloxacillin for 5-7 days
How is otitis media managed?
Often self resolving, regular analgesia, antibiotics can reduce pain but not length of illness - amoxicillin is first line
How is measles managed?
Self resolving, antipyretics
How is scarlet fever managed?
10 days PO penicillin V, supportive care (antipyretics, antihistamines like loratadine or cetirizine for itching)
How is rubella managed?
Self limiting, NSAIDS for pain
How is parvovirus B19 (slapped cheek) managed?
Self limiting, fluids, NSAIDS, antipyretics
How is chicken pox managed?
Self limiting, calamine lotion can soothe itchiness, antipyretics, aciclovir if immunocompromised/neonates/risk of complications
How is roseola infantum managed?
Self limiting, antipyretics, fluids
How is diphtheria managed?
Single dose of antitoxin as soon as diphtheria is suspected, antibiotics (IM benzylpenicillin, oral erythromycin/other macrolide), respiratory and cardiac monitoring
How is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome treated?
IV antibiotics, management of fluid balance followed by a switch to oral abx. If severe, may require ITU. Pain relief and greasy moisturisers to stop sore skin sticking to clothes
How is whooping cough managed?
Oral clarithromycin/azithromycin for 14 days if diagnosed within 21 days (doesn’t alter disease course but does reduce risk of spread)
How is minor polio managed?
Oral rehydration, IV fluids if volume depletion is present, monitoring for acute flaccid paralysis or progression of paralytic poliomyelitis. If paralysed, physiotherapy and respiratory monitoring, vaccinations etc
How is TB managed?
Rifampicin, isoniazid (full 6m), pyrazinamide ethambutol (first 2m)
How is bullous impetigo managed?
Oral flucloxacillin
How is non-bullous impetigo managed?
Antiseptic cream like hydrogen peroxide, and flucloxicillin if this fails. Avoiding spread with good hand hygiene, avoiding sharing towels/cutlery etc
How is neonatal sepsis managed?
IV benzylpenicillin and gentamicin, oxygen, fluids
What is the management for neonatal sepsis?
IV benzylpenicillin and gentamicin - CRP should be measured 18-24 hours after presentation to ensure they child is improving. Oxygen, fluids and electrolytes should also be given depending on the status of the baby.
