antibiotics Flashcards
rifamycin (Antimicrobial antibiotics)
inhibits the synthesis of mRNA
good for mycobacterium
concentrates in the CSF and abscesses
Isoniazid (INH) (Antimicrobial antibiotics)
Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid in acid-fast
organisms
good synthetic against mycobacterium
Ethambutol (Antimicrobial antibiotics)
synthetic against mycobacterium
Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid incorporation into
cell wall; therefore used as a secondary drug
because it is a weaker drug
Aminoglycosides
Amino sugars linked by a glycoside bond
Inhibits protein synthesis 70s
Bactericidal
Gentamicin, neomycin & streptomycin
permanent damage to auditory nerve
Damage to kidneys
Tetracyclines
Inhibits protein synthesis therefore, Broad spectrum
Penetrates body tissues well; therefore, good against intracellular parasites: Rickettsia (typhus) & chlamydia
Side effects-
Brownish teeth in children
liver damage in pregnant women
Photo-sensitivity
Added to animal feed for weight gain
Chloramphenicol
Broad spectrum
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits protein synthesis
good for bacterial meningitis and typhoid fever
small molecular weight promotes diffusion
Aplastic anemia by suppression of bone marrow activity
Streptogramins
Synercid - New for VRSA
Attach to the 50s similar to macrolides
Also uniquely stops early and late step of protein synthesis
Oxazolidinones
Zyvox - new for MRSA
Attaches against gram negative
Macrolides
Erythromycin
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits protein synthesis in Gm+ therefore often used for staph and strep infections in children
doesn’t penetrate the Gm- wall well
but used for Neisseria and legionella, Mycoplasmas
Sulfanilamides
First of the synthetics
good synergism with trimethoprim
Good for Gm- pathogen of urinary and digestive tracts
Quinolones and fluroquinolones
Stop DNA replication
synthetic
May affect cartilage development
Ciprofloxacin
