Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm 233 Final > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfanilamide

A

Sulfonamide

Competitive inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS) – folic acid

Hepatitis
Hypersensitivity reactions
Bone marrow depression
Acute renal failure
Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

Sulfonamide

Competitive inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS) – folic acid

Hepatitis
Hypersensitivity reactions
Bone marrow depression
Acute renal failure
Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Sulfonamide

Used in RA

Competitive inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS) – folic acid

Hepatitis
Hypersensitivity reactions
Bone marrow depression
Acute renal failure
Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sulfadiazine

A

Sulfonamide

Competitive inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS) – folic acid

Hepatitis
Hypersensitivity reactions
Bone marrow depression
Acute renal failure
Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sulfadoxine

A

Sulfonamide

Anti-malarial drug

Competitive inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS) – folic acid

Hepatitis
Hypersensitivity reactions
Bone marrow depression
Acute renal failure
Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Folic acid antagonist

Structurally resemble the pteridine moiety of folate, inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)

Folate deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pyrimethamine

A

Folic acid antagonist

Structurally resemble the pteridine moiety of folate, inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)

Folate deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Penicillin G

A

Beta-lactamase sensitive

Poor oral availability
Gram-positive bacteria

Inhibits penicillin binding proteins that develop the peptidoglycan layer

Hypersensitivity reactions
Anaphylactic shock
Proconvulsant effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Penicillin V

A

Beta-lactamase sensitive

Better oral availability
Gram-positive bacteria

Inhibits penicillin binding proteins that develop the peptidoglycan layer

Hypersensitivity reactions
Anaphylactic shock
Proconvulsant effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Methicillin

A

Beta-lactamase resistant

Poor oral availability
Gram-positive bacteria

Inhibits penicillin binding proteins that develop the peptidoglycan layer

Hypersensitivity reactions
Anaphylactic shock
Proconvulsant effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oxacillin

A

Beta-lactamase resistant

Good oral availability
Gram-positive bacteria

Inhibits penicillin binding proteins that develop the peptidoglycan layer

Hypersensitivity reactions
Anaphylactic shock
Proconvulsant effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ampicillin

A

Beta-lactamase sensitive

Good oral availability
Gram-positive and negative bacteria

Inhibits penicillin binding proteins that develop the peptidoglycan layer

Hypersensitivity reactions
Anaphylactic shock
Proconvulsant effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Beta-lactamase sensitive

Good oral availability
Gram-positive and negative bacteria

Inhibits penicillin binding proteins that develop the peptidoglycan layer

Hypersensitivity reactions
Anaphylactic shock
Proconvulsant effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Carbenicillin

A

Beta-lactamase sensitive

Poor oral availability
Gram-positive and negative bacteria
Activity against P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella

Inhibits penicillin binding proteins that develop the peptidoglycan layer

Hypersensitivity reactions
Anaphylactic shock
Proconvulsant effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

Combined treatment with amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sulbactam

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

Combined treatment with amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cephalexin

A

Cephalosporins (first gen)

Gram-positive

Irreversible inhibition of penicillin binding proteins

Nephrotoxicity
Drug-induced alcohol intolerance
Bone marrow depression
Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis with penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cefazolin

A

Cephalosporins (first gen)

Gram-positive

Irreversible inhibition of penicillin binding proteins

Nephrotoxicity
Drug-induced alcohol intolerance
Bone marrow depression
Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis with penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cefaclor

A

Cephalosporins (second gen)

Gram-positive, some gram-negative

Irreversible inhibition of penicillin binding proteins

Nephrotoxicity
Drug-induced alcohol intolerance
Bone marrow depression
Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis with penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cefuroxime

A

Cephalosporins (second gen)

Gram-positive, some gram-negative

Irreversible inhibition of penicillin binding proteins

Nephrotoxicity
Drug-induced alcohol intolerance
Bone marrow depression
Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis with penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cefotaxime

A

Cephalosporins (third gen)

Gram-negative, less gram-positive activity

Irreversible inhibition of penicillin binding proteins

Nephrotoxicity
Drug-induced alcohol intolerance
Bone marrow depression
Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis with penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cefexim

A

Cephalosporins (third gen)

Gram-negative, less gram-positive activity

Irreversible inhibition of penicillin binding proteins

Nephrotoxicity
Drug-induced alcohol intolerance
Bone marrow depression
Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis with penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cefepim

A

Cephalosporins (fourth gen)

Gram-positive, more gram-negative than previous gens

Irreversible inhibition of penicillin binding proteins

Nephrotoxicity
Drug-induced alcohol intolerance
Bone marrow depression
Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis with penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ceftarolin

A

Cephalosporins (fifth gen)

Gram-positive, more gram-negative than previous gens

Irreversible inhibition of penicillin binding proteins

Nephrotoxicity
Drug-induced alcohol intolerance
Bone marrow depression
Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis with penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Imipenem
Carbapenem (Beta-lactam) Broad spectrum activity Bind differently to penicillin binding proteins Neurotoxicity (seizures)
26
Meropenem
Carbapenem (Beta-lactam) Broad spectrum activity Bind differently to penicillin binding proteins Neurotoxicity
27
Ertapenem
Carbapenem (Beta-lactam) Broad spectrum activity Bind differently to penicillin binding proteins Neurotoxicity
28
Aztreonam
Monobactam (Beta-lactam) Effective for gram-negative Irreversible inhibitor of penicillin binding protein 3 No frequent side effects
29
Vancomycin
Last resort treatment of MRSA Unstable (rarely oral) Rare resistance formation Attach to D-Ala-D-Ala and inhibit transglycosylase and transpeptidase to interrupt cell wall synthesis Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Flushing (Redman syndrome) Neutropenia
30
Teicoplanin
Unstable (rarely oral) Rare resistance formation Attach to D-Ala-D-Ala and inhibit transglycosylase and transpeptidase to interrupt cell wall synthesis Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Flushing (Redman syndrome) Neutropenia
31
Daptomycin
Unstable (rarely oral) Rare resistance formation Attach to D-Ala-D-Ala and inhibit transglycosylase and transpeptidase to interrupt cell wall synthesis Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Flushing (Redman syndrome) Neutropenia
32
Polymixin B
Gram-negative bacilli Bind to phosphate group of cytoplasmic membrane and disrupts integrity Not absorbed in the GI tract, can be used for gut sterilization and topical treatments Neurotoxicity Nephrotoxicity
33
Colistimethate
Aka Polymixin E Gram-negative bacilli Bind to phosphate group of cytoplasmic membrane and disrupts integrity Not absorbed in the GI tract, can be used for gut sterilization and topical treatments Neurotoxicity Nephrotoxicity
34
Fosfomycin
Broad spectrum Inactivates MurA and thereby inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis Well tolerated Usually used in multi-drug resistant E. coli
35
Oxytetracycline
Broad spectrum, also effective against protozoa Reversibly bind to the 16S subunit of the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit translation Staining of teeth and dental hypoplasia Bone deformities (Nephro)toxic upon expiration Contraindicated in pregnancy, nursing, and children
36
Demeclocycline
Broad spectrum, also effective against protozoa Reversibly bind to the 16S subunit of the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit translation Staining of teeth and dental hypoplasia Bone deformities (Nephro)toxic upon expiration Contraindicated in pregnancy, nursing, and children
37
Doxycycline
Broad spectrum, also effective against protozoa Reversibly bind to the 16S subunit of the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit translation Staining of teeth and dental hypoplasia Bone deformities (Nephro)toxic upon expiration Contraindicated in pregnancy, nursing, and children
38
Minocycline
Treats meningitis due to CNS and CFS penetration Broad spectrum, also effective against protozoa Reversibly bind to the 16S subunit of the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit translation Staining of teeth and dental hypoplasia Bone deformities (Nephro)toxic upon expiration Contraindicated in pregnancy, nursing, and children
39
Tigecycline
Broad spectrum, also effective against protozoa Reversibly bind to the 16S subunit of the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit translation Staining of teeth and dental hypoplasia Bone deformities (Nephro)toxic upon expiration Contraindicated in pregnancy, nursing, and children
40
Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside More effective against gram-negative Requires aerobic respiration Irreversibly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis by trapping ribosomes at the AUG Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Paralysis via neuromuscular blockade (rare)
41
Streptomycin
Aminoglycoside More effective against gram-negative Requires aerobic respiration Irreversibly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis by trapping ribosomes at the AUG Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Paralysis via neuromuscular blockade (rare)
42
Amikacin
Aminoglycoside More effective against gram-negative Requires aerobic respiration Irreversibly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis by trapping ribosomes at the AUG Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Paralysis via neuromuscular blockade (rare)
43
Tobramycin
Aminoglycoside More effective against gram-negative Requires aerobic respiration Irreversibly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis by trapping ribosomes at the AUG Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Paralysis via neuromuscular blockade (rare)
44
Neomycin
Aminoglycoside More effective against gram-negative Requires aerobic respiration Irreversibly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis by trapping ribosomes at the AUG Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Paralysis via neuromuscular blockade (rare)
45
Erythromycin
Macrolide Similar spectrum to penicillins Bind the 23S rRNA molecule of the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit peptidyl transferase Cholestatic jaundice (treatment > 2 weeks)
46
Clarithromycin
Macrolide Similar spectrum to penicillins Bind the 23S rRNA molecule of the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit peptidyl transferase Cholestatic jaundice (treatment > 2 weeks)
47
Azithromycin
Macrolide Similar spectrum to penicillins Bind the 23S rRNA molecule of the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit peptidyl transferase Cholestatic jaundice (treatment > 2 weeks)
48
Telithromycin
Macrolide Similar spectrum to penicillins Bind the 23S rRNA molecule of the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit peptidyl transferase Cholestatic jaundice (treatment > 2 weeks)
49
Chloramphenicol
Bacteriostatic against gram-negative and gram-positive Should be reserved for meningitis Binds 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit peptidyl transferase Pancytopenia Grey baby syndrome
50
Linezolid
Oxazolidinone Wide range of activity between gram-positive, including MRSA Inhibit protein synthesis via antagonism of the N-formylmethionyl-tRNA binding to the 70S ribosome Thrombocytopenia Serotonin syndrome (SSRIs and MAOI medications) Hyperlactemia (Due to mitochondrial protein synthesis)
51
Fusidic acid
Steroid antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria Interferes with translation/protein synthesis Jaundice
52
Quinupristin
Streptogramins Gram-positive Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome Arthralgia and myalgia from inflammation at the infusion site
53
Dalfopristin
Streptogramins Gram-positive Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome Arthralgia and myalgia from inflammation at the infusion site
54
Clindamycin
Lincosamide Bind 23S rRNA molecule of the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit peptidyl transferase (like macrolides and chloramphenicol) Potentially lethal pseudomembranous colitis
55
Nalidixic acid
Quinolone Broad spectrum Inhibit topoisomerase II (+) (bacterial DNA gyrase), preventing negative supercoiling, and topoisomerase IV (-), preventing decatenation of daughter DNA Arthropathy Convulsions (especially with concurrent theophyllines)
56
Ciprofloxacin
Quinolone Broad spectrum Inhibit topoisomerase II (+) (bacterial DNA gyrase), preventing negative supercoiling, and topoisomerase IV (-), preventing decatenation of daughter DNA Arthropathy Convulsions (especially with concurrent theophyllines)
57
Levofloxacin
Quinolone Broad spectrum Inhibit topoisomerase II (+) (bacterial DNA gyrase), preventing negative supercoiling, and topoisomerase IV (-), preventing decatenation of daughter DNA Arthropathy Convulsions (especially with concurrent theophyllines)
58
Ofloxacin
Quinolone Broad spectrum Inhibit topoisomerase II (+) (bacterial DNA gyrase), preventing negative supercoiling, and topoisomerase IV (-), preventing decatenation of daughter DNA Arthropathy Convulsions (especially with concurrent theophyllines)
59
Norfloxacin
Quinolone Broad spectrum Inhibit topoisomerase II (+) (bacterial DNA gyrase), preventing negative supercoiling, and topoisomerase IV (-), preventing decatenation of daughter DNA Arthropathy Convulsions (especially with concurrent theophyllines)
60
Moxifloxacin
Quinolone Broad spectrum Inhibit topoisomerase II (+) (bacterial DNA gyrase), preventing negative supercoiling, and topoisomerase IV (-), preventing decatenation of daughter DNA Arthropathy Convulsions (especially with concurrent theophyllines)

Pharm 233 Final (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions