antibiotics

Question 1

what would indicate gram positive bacteria?

Answer 1

purple staining
outside layer is peptoglycan

Question 2

name some gram positive AB

Answer 2

• Flucloxacillin eg cellulitis
• Benzylpenicillin – 1st line query meningitis
• Vancomycin
• Linezolid
• Daptomycin
• Clindamycin
• Clari/ erythromycin
• Doxycycline
• Rifampicin

Question 3

what bacterias are gram positive?

Answer 3

Staph.a, MRSA, strep. Pneumoniae, strep. Pyrogenes (throat infections), enterococcus spp (GI), c.difficile, mycoplasma pneumoniae (atypical)

Question 4

what indicates gram negative bacteria?

Answer 4

pink staining
outside layer - periplasmic space and then peptoglycan layer

Question 5

name some gram neg ABx

Answer 5

• Gentamycin
• Ciprofloxacin
• Temocillin
• Aztreonam
• Colistin

Question 6

name some gram neg bacteria

Answer 6

e.coli, h. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, n.meningitidis, p. Aeruginosa (HAP/ VAP, immunocompromised UTI), salmonella spp

Question 7

what AB can cover both gram neg and gram pos?

Answer 7

• Co-amox
• Tazocin
• Cephalosporins
• Meropenum
• Chloramphenicol
• Co-trimoxazole
• Moxifloxacin
• Tigecycline

Question 8

what bacteria can cause bacterial meningitis?

Answer 8

strep, penumoniae
n. meningitidis
h. influenzae
strep. agalactiae
listeria. monocytogenes

Question 9

what can cause skin infections?

Answer 9

staph.a
strep. pyrogenes
pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 10

what can cause CAP?

Answer 10

strep. pneumoniae
h. influenzase
staph.a

Question 11

what can cause atypical pneumonia?

Answer 11

mycoplasma pnuemoniae
h. influenzase
legionella pnuemophila

Question 12

what causes TB?

Answer 12

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 13

what can cause STIs?

Answer 13

chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrheae
treponema pallidum
ureaplasma urealyticum
h. ducreyi

Question 14

what pathogen causes syphilis?

Answer 14

troponema pallidum

Question 15

what causes otitis media?

Answer 15

strep. pneumoniae

Question 16

what can cause eye infections?

Answer 16

staph. a
neisseria gonorrhoeae
chlamydia trachomatis

Question 17

what can cause sinusitis?

Answer 17

strep pneumoniae
h. influenzae

Question 18

what can cause URTI?

Answer 18

strep pyrogene
h. influenzae

Question 19

what causes gastritis?

Answer 19

h. pylori

Question 20

what can cause food posioning?

Answer 20

campylobacter jejuni
salmonella
shigella
clostridium
staph.a
e.coli

Question 21

what can cause UTIs?

Answer 21

e.coli
enterobacteriaeceae
staph. saprophyticus
p. aeruginosa

Question 22

what antibiotics MOA is inhibiting cell wall synthesis with beta lactam ring?

Answer 22

: penicillin, carbapenems eg meropenum, cephalosporins

Question 23

whagt ABx MOA inhibits cell wall synthesis without beta lactam ring?

Answer 23

vancomycin and teicplanin

Question 24

what ABx inhibits folate acid metabolism?

Answer 24

• Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole (combo of the two)

Question 25

what is ontra- indicated s- Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole

Answer 25

pregnancy - inhibits folate acid production

Question 26

what is the MOA of metronidazole?

Answer 26

inhibits DNA synthesis in anaerobes

Question 27

what inhibits protein synthesis by targeting ribosomes?

Answer 27

• Macrolides (ethromycin, clari and azithromycin), clindamycin, tetracyclines (doxy), gentamicin, chloramphenicol

Question 28

what is nitrofurantoin used for and why?

Answer 28

used exclusively for lower UTIs due to be conc in urine and directly kills bacteria

Question 29

what antibiotics could have cross sensitivity with penicillin allergies?

Answer 29

cephalosporins and carbapenems

Question 30

what should you avoid in penicillin allergies?

Answer 30

other AB ending in illin eg co-amox