Antibiotics Flashcards
What infections are caused by gram-positive bacteria?
- UTI
- MRSA
- Pneumonia
- Gonorrhea
- C.diff
Which infections are caused by gram-negative bacteria?
- Gastroenteritis
- Pneumonia
- Meningitis
- Sepsis
Examples of gram-positive bacteria?
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus
Examples of gram-negative bacteria?
Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli
What antibiotic can cause dark urine?
Nitrofurantoin
What antibiotic causes teeth discolouration in children?
Tetracyclines
What is the first line treatment for C.diff infection
1) Nitrofurantoin
2) Trimethoprim
What antibiotics should be avoided in pregnancy?
- Tetracyclines
- Nitrofurantoin (close to term)
- Trimethoprim (first trimester)
What drug class is used as an alternative in penicillin allergy?
Macrolides
- Clarithromycin
- Erythromycin
- Azithromycin
Wha is the first line treatment for pneumonia?
Amoxicillin
Which organism cultured from sputum indicates treatment MUST be started?
Group A Beta Haemolytic Streptococcus
- Linked to 2 potentially serious complications: rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis
What antibiotics are used in treatment of tuberculosis?
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
What are the common side effects of the treatment for tuberculosis?
Rifampin - red/orange urine and bodily fluids
Isoniazid - peripheral neuritis
Pyrazinamide - hyperuricaemia
Ethambutol - decreased visual acuity
What is the list line treatment for strep throat?
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
What is the first line treatment for acne vulgaris
Doxycycline
What is the first line treatment for gonorrhoea?
Ceftriaxone
What is the first line treatment for chlamydia?
Azithromycin
What is the MOA of trimethoprim?
Inhibits bacterial folate synthesis
What is the MOA of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) ?
Inhibits DNA synthesis
What is the MOA of macrolides bacteria?
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
What is the MOA of amoxicillin?
Weaken bacterial cell walls
