Antibiotics

Question 1

What is anti microbial chemotherapy?

Answer 1

Selective toxicity - kill/inhibit microbe without harming patient
Bacteria - primary attack of the cell wall

Question 2

Describe the cell wall in antibiotics

Answer 2

Can be either gram positive or gram negative
Have cross linked chains of peptidoglycan
Interfere with the cell wall biosynthesis

Question 3

Which has a thicker peptidoglycan layer gram positive or gram negative bacteria?

Answer 3

Gram positive

Question 4

Which agents are most likely to interfere with cell wall synthesis in antibiotics?

Answer 4

Glycopeptides

Beta lactam agents

Question 5

Which of gram positive or gram negative bacteria is lipohpilic?

Answer 5

Gram negative

May prevent large hydrophilic molecules from reaching the cellular target

Question 6

What are the bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties of antibiotics

Answer 6

Bactericidal = kill bacteria 
Bacteriostatic = inhibit reproduction and growth

Question 7

Name the three beta lactam antibiotics

Answer 7

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Clavams

Question 8

Which bacteria does penicillin work against?

Answer 8

Gram positive and gram negative

Question 9

How do Cephalosporins work?

Answer 9

They increase stability against beta lactamase, but some can decrease against some bacteria

Question 10

How do Clavams work?

Answer 10

Inhibit staphylococcal beta lactamase and most types produced by gram negative bacteria

Question 11

What are Rifamycins used for treament of?

Answer 11

TB meningitis

Question 12

What do aminoglycosides inhibit?

Answer 12

Bacterial protein synthesis

Question 13

What do macrolides and tertracyclines inhibit?

Answer 13

Bacterial protein synthesis

Question 14

What do glycopeptides inhibit?

Answer 14

Bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 15

Name the two types of anti fungal antibiotics

Answer 15

Griseofluvin

Polyenes

Question 16

What are diamonpyridine derivatives highly active against?

Answer 16

Human cells
Protozoa
Bacteria

Question 17

What is the initial phase of treament for TB

Answer 17

Combination of 3 drugs to reduce bacterial levels as rapidly as possible

Question 18

What is the second phase of treatment of TB?

Answer 18

Continuation phase, combination of two drugs

Question 19

What do Nitrofuran compounds treat?

Answer 19

UTIs

Question 20

What are imidazole derivatives active against?

Answer 20

Bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and helminths

Question 21

What is Terbinafine?

Answer 21

Antifungal

Question 22

What do quinolones work against?

Answer 22

Work against The enzymes in maintaining the integrity of the supercoiled DNA helix during replication and transcription

Question 23

How is natural drug resistance achieved ?

Answer 23

Impaired cell wall or cell envelope penetration, enzymatic inactivation or altered binding sites

Question 24

How is acquired drug resistance achieved?

Answer 24

May result from a mutation, adaptation or gene transfer

Question 25

What is a superinfection?

Answer 25

Microbial overgrowth of resistant organisms with subsequent superinfection

Question 26

What is chemoprophylaxis

Answer 26

Infection prevention, especially in surgery

Question 27

Which type of antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis?

Answer 27

Beta lactams