Antibiotics

Question 1

what are our antimycobacterials?

Answer 1

antituberculosis drugs: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin

leprostatic drugs: dapsone

Question 2

how do antimycobacterials work?

Answer 2

they are bacteriocidal and act on DNA of bacteria causing decreased growth and bacterial death

Question 3

what are antimycobacterials used for?

Answer 3

TB and leprosy

Question 4

what are the contra/cautions for antimycobacterials

Answer 4

allergy
renal/hepatic failure
CNS dysfuntion
pregnancy and lactation

Question 5

what are the adverse effects of antimycobacterials

Answer 5

CNS effects: preipheral neuropathy

GI irritation: N/V

Question 6

what are the drug-drug for antimycobacterials

Answer 6

rifampin and isoniazide combined can cause liver toxicity

Question 7

what are our nursing considerations of antimycobacterials

Answer 7

collect specimens for C/S
monitor renal/hepatic labs
ensure the full course is taken
d/c if hypersensitivity occurs
TB drugs are taken long term
stay well hydrated
eat small frequent meals

Question 8

what are our tetracyclines

Answer 8

“-cycline”
tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline

Question 9

how do tetracyclines work

Answer 9

they are bacteriostatic and prevent replication

Question 10

why are tetracyclines used

Answer 10

TX various infections

substitute for PCN when contraindicated
used for acne when PCN contraindicated

Question 11

what are the contra/cautions for tetracyclines

Answer 11

allergy to tetracyclines ir tartrazine
pregnancy and lact
renal and hepatic dysfunction

Question 12

what are the adverse effects of tetracyclines

Answer 12

GI effects
damage to teeth and bones (not for children)
bone marrow suppression

Question 13

what are the drug-drug for tetracyclines

Answer 13

digoxin

PCN G and PO contraceptives

Question 14

what are our nursing considerations for tetracyclines

Answer 14

give on empty stomach
monitor renal/hepatic
monitor for rashes/lesions
obtain C/S
monitor for superinfections (cannidias and c. diff)
wear sunscreen while taking (photosensitivity)

Question 15

what are our sulfonamides?

Answer 15

“sulfa-“
sulfadiazine
sulfasalazine
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 16

how do sulfonamides work

Answer 16

they are bacteriostatic and inhibit folic acid synthesis

Question 17

when are sulfonamides used

Answer 17

gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections

Question 18

what are the contra/cautions of sulfonamides

Answer 18

tolbutamide, tolazamide, glyburide, glipizide, and chlorpropramide

cyclosporine

Question 19

what are nursing considerations for sulfonamides

Answer 19

examine for rashes/lesions
obtain C/S
monitor CBC and renal functions
PO drugs taken on empty stomach with water

Question 20

what are our penicillins

Answer 20

"-icillin"
penicillin g benzathine
penicillin g potassium
penicillin g procaine
penicillin v
amoxicillin
ampicillin

Question 21

how do penicillins work

Answer 21

they are bactericidal

Question 22

indications for penicillins

Answer 22

broad spectrum usage

Question 23

what are the contra/cautions of penicillins

Answer 23

tetracyclines

aminoglycosides

Question 24

what are the nursing considerations of penicillins

Answer 24

monitor WBC and renal
obtain C/S
give small freq meals and mouth care
must take full course
monitor for super infections

Question 25

what are our fluroquinolones

Answer 25

``` "-floxacin" ciprofloxacin levofloxacin moxifloxacin ofloxacin ```

Question 26

how do fluroquinolones work

Answer 26

they are bacteriostatic

Question 27

when to use fluroquinolones

Answer 27

UTI and respiratory tract infections | skin infections

Question 28

what are the contra/cautions of fluroquinolones

Answer 28

allergy pregnancy and lact renal dysfuntion

Question 29

what are the adverse effects of fluroquinolones

Answer 29

CNS: HA, dizziness, insomnia, depression, hallucinations blackbox: risk for tendinitis and tendon rupture

Question 30

what are our drug-drug for fluroquinolones

Answer 30

iron salts, sucralfate, mineral supplements, antacids quinidine theophylline NSAIDs

Question 31

what are our nursing considerations of fluroquinolones

Answer 31

``` HX of myasthenia gravis obtain C/S and read report monitor renal values give small frequent meals with mouth care must complete full course ```

Question 32

what are our cephalosporins

Answer 32

1st gen: cephalexin 2nd gen: cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime 3rd gen: cefdinir, ceftriazone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime 4th gen: ceftolozane-tazo

Question 33

how do cephalosporins work

Answer 33

bactericidal and bacteriostatic

Question 34

when to use cephalosporins

Answer 34

in infections caused by susceptible bacteria

Question 35

contra/cautions of cephalosporins

Answer 35

allergy to cephalosporins and PCN hepatic/renal impairment pregnancy and lact

Question 36

what are the adverse effects of cephalosporins

Answer 36

N/V/D anorexia super infections

Question 37

drug-drug for cephalosporins

Answer 37

aminoglycosides oral anticoagulants alcohol

Question 38

what are some nursing considerations of cephalosporins

Answer 38

``` MUST wait 72hrs for cephalosporin to drink alcohol alcoholic? severe S/E assess for rash/lesions obtain and read C/S monitor original infection site maintain adequate hydration monitor injection site ```

Question 39

what are our carbapenems

Answer 39

``` "-penem" doripenem ertapenem imipenem-cilastatin meropenem meopenem-vaborbactam ```

Question 40

how do carbapenems work

Answer 40

bactericidal

Question 41

when to use carbapenems

Answer 41

to treat serious infections caused by susceptible bacteria

Question 42

contra/cautions of carbapenems

Answer 42

allergy, carbapenems or betalactams seizure disorders meningitis pregnancy and lact

Question 43

what are the adverse effects of carbapenems

Answer 43

pseudomembranous colitis c. diff diarrhea N/V resulting in severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances super infections/new infections

Question 44

drug-drug for carbapenems

Answer 44

valporic acid | probenecid

Question 45

nursing considerations of carbapenems

Answer 45

``` HX inflammatory bowel disorder obtain and read C/S monitor WBC and renal admin the full course monitor for severe diarrhea (c. diff) monitor site for changes ```

Question 46

what are the aminoglycosides

Answer 46

gentamicin "-mycin" neomycin streptomycin tobramycin

Question 47

how do aminoglycosides work

Answer 47

bactericidal

Question 48

when to use aminoglycosides

Answer 48

for serious infections

Question 49

contra/cautions of aminoglycosides

Answer 49

``` hearing loss active herpes myasthenia gravis/parkinsonism preg/lact mycobacterial infection ```

Question 50

adverse effects of aminoglycosides

Answer 50

ototoxicity | nephrotoxicity

Question 51

drug-drug for aminoglycosides

Answer 51

PCN and cephalosporins diuretics, neuromuscular blockers

Question 52

what are the nursing considerations of aminoglycosides

Answer 52

``` kids can get superinfections and the most adverse effects take full course obtain and read C/S monitor WBC and renal function monitor infection site stay well hydrated eat small frequent meals ```

Question 53

what are the lincosamides

Answer 53

clindamycin | lincomycin

Question 54

what do you need to know for lincosamides

Answer 54

bacteriocidal TX serious bone infections and infections watch fluids and GI activity they can cause c. diff

Question 55

what are the lipglycopeptides

Answer 55

telavancin dalbavancin oritavancin vancomycin

Question 56

what to remember for lipglycopeptides

Answer 56

bacteriocidal used for severe skin infections including MRSA will prolong QT intervals - EKG required can have FOAMY urine no pregnancy while on this drug

Question 57

what are the macrolides

Answer 57

erythromycin azithromycin clarithromycin fidaxomicin

Question 58

what to know for macrolides

Answer 58

can TX multiple infections both bacteriocidal and static can cause potential HEARING LOSS fidaxomicin is for c.diff

Question 59

what are the ocazolidinones

Answer 59

"-zolid" tedizolid linezolid

Question 60

what to know for ocazolidinones

Answer 60

used with resistant bacteria bacteriocidal can have N/V and collitis

Question 61

what is a monobactam

Answer 61

aztreonam

Question 62

what to know of monobactam

Answer 62

IV USE ONLY bacteriocidal can TX different infections GI and super infections possible