Antibiotics Flashcards
what are our antimycobacterials?
antituberculosis drugs: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin
leprostatic drugs: dapsone
how do antimycobacterials work?
they are bacteriocidal and act on DNA of bacteria causing decreased growth and bacterial death
what are antimycobacterials used for?
TB and leprosy
what are the contra/cautions for antimycobacterials
allergy
renal/hepatic failure
CNS dysfuntion
pregnancy and lactation
what are the adverse effects of antimycobacterials
CNS effects: preipheral neuropathy
GI irritation: N/V
what are the drug-drug for antimycobacterials
rifampin and isoniazide combined can cause liver toxicity
what are our nursing considerations of antimycobacterials
collect specimens for C/S monitor renal/hepatic labs ensure the full course is taken d/c if hypersensitivity occurs TB drugs are taken long term stay well hydrated eat small frequent meals
what are our tetracyclines
“-cycline”
tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline
how do tetracyclines work
they are bacteriostatic and prevent replication
why are tetracyclines used
TX various infections
substitute for PCN when contraindicated
used for acne when PCN contraindicated
what are the contra/cautions for tetracyclines
allergy to tetracyclines ir tartrazine
pregnancy and lact
renal and hepatic dysfunction
what are the adverse effects of tetracyclines
GI effects
damage to teeth and bones (not for children)
bone marrow suppression
what are the drug-drug for tetracyclines
digoxin
PCN G and PO contraceptives
what are our nursing considerations for tetracyclines
give on empty stomach
monitor renal/hepatic
monitor for rashes/lesions
obtain C/S
monitor for superinfections (cannidias and c. diff)
wear sunscreen while taking (photosensitivity)
what are our sulfonamides?
“sulfa-“
sulfadiazine
sulfasalazine
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
how do sulfonamides work
they are bacteriostatic and inhibit folic acid synthesis
when are sulfonamides used
gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections
what are the contra/cautions of sulfonamides
tolbutamide, tolazamide, glyburide, glipizide, and chlorpropramide
cyclosporine
what are nursing considerations for sulfonamides
examine for rashes/lesions
obtain C/S
monitor CBC and renal functions
PO drugs taken on empty stomach with water
what are our penicillins
"-icillin" penicillin g benzathine penicillin g potassium penicillin g procaine penicillin v amoxicillin ampicillin
how do penicillins work
they are bactericidal
indications for penicillins
broad spectrum usage
what are the contra/cautions of penicillins
tetracyclines
aminoglycosides
what are the nursing considerations of penicillins
monitor WBC and renal obtain C/S give small freq meals and mouth care must take full course monitor for super infections
what are our fluroquinolones
"-floxacin" ciprofloxacin levofloxacin moxifloxacin ofloxacin
how do fluroquinolones work
they are bacteriostatic
when to use fluroquinolones
UTI and respiratory tract infections
skin infections
what are the contra/cautions of fluroquinolones
allergy
pregnancy and lact
renal dysfuntion
what are the adverse effects of fluroquinolones
CNS: HA, dizziness, insomnia, depression, hallucinations
blackbox: risk for tendinitis and tendon rupture
what are our drug-drug for fluroquinolones
iron salts, sucralfate, mineral supplements, antacids
quinidine
theophylline
NSAIDs
what are our nursing considerations of fluroquinolones
HX of myasthenia gravis obtain C/S and read report monitor renal values give small frequent meals with mouth care must complete full course
what are our cephalosporins
1st gen: cephalexin
2nd gen: cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime
3rd gen: cefdinir, ceftriazone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime
4th gen: ceftolozane-tazo
how do cephalosporins work
bactericidal and bacteriostatic
when to use cephalosporins
in infections caused by susceptible bacteria
contra/cautions of cephalosporins
allergy to cephalosporins and PCN
hepatic/renal impairment
pregnancy and lact
what are the adverse effects of cephalosporins
N/V/D
anorexia
super infections
drug-drug for cephalosporins
aminoglycosides
oral anticoagulants
alcohol
what are some nursing considerations of cephalosporins
MUST wait 72hrs for cephalosporin to drink alcohol alcoholic? severe S/E assess for rash/lesions obtain and read C/S monitor original infection site maintain adequate hydration monitor injection site
what are our carbapenems
"-penem" doripenem ertapenem imipenem-cilastatin meropenem meopenem-vaborbactam
how do carbapenems work
bactericidal
when to use carbapenems
to treat serious infections caused by susceptible bacteria
contra/cautions of carbapenems
allergy, carbapenems or betalactams
seizure disorders
meningitis
pregnancy and lact
what are the adverse effects of carbapenems
pseudomembranous colitis
c. diff diarrhea
N/V resulting in severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
super infections/new infections
drug-drug for carbapenems
valporic acid
probenecid
nursing considerations of carbapenems
HX inflammatory bowel disorder obtain and read C/S monitor WBC and renal admin the full course monitor for severe diarrhea (c. diff) monitor site for changes
what are the aminoglycosides
gentamicin
“-mycin”
neomycin
streptomycin
tobramycin
how do aminoglycosides work
bactericidal
when to use aminoglycosides
for serious infections
contra/cautions of aminoglycosides
hearing loss active herpes myasthenia gravis/parkinsonism preg/lact mycobacterial infection
adverse effects of aminoglycosides
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
drug-drug for aminoglycosides
PCN and cephalosporins
diuretics, neuromuscular blockers
what are the nursing considerations of aminoglycosides
kids can get superinfections and the most adverse effects take full course obtain and read C/S monitor WBC and renal function monitor infection site stay well hydrated eat small frequent meals
what are the lincosamides
clindamycin
lincomycin
what do you need to know for lincosamides
bacteriocidal
TX serious bone infections and infections
watch fluids and GI activity
they can cause c. diff
what are the lipglycopeptides
telavancin
dalbavancin
oritavancin
vancomycin
what to remember for lipglycopeptides
bacteriocidal
used for severe skin infections including MRSA
will prolong QT intervals - EKG required
can have FOAMY urine
no pregnancy while on this drug
what are the macrolides
erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
fidaxomicin
what to know for macrolides
can TX multiple infections
both bacteriocidal and static
can cause potential HEARING LOSS
fidaxomicin is for c.diff
what are the ocazolidinones
“-zolid”
tedizolid
linezolid
what to know for ocazolidinones
used with resistant bacteria
bacteriocidal
can have N/V and collitis
what is a monobactam
aztreonam
what to know of monobactam
IV USE ONLY
bacteriocidal
can TX different infections
GI and super infections possible
