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Pharm Final > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

what are our antimycobacterials?

A

antituberculosis drugs: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin

leprostatic drugs: dapsone

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2
Q

how do antimycobacterials work?

A

they are bacteriocidal and act on DNA of bacteria causing decreased growth and bacterial death

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3
Q

what are antimycobacterials used for?

A

TB and leprosy

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4
Q

what are the contra/cautions for antimycobacterials

A

allergy
renal/hepatic failure
CNS dysfuntion
pregnancy and lactation

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5
Q

what are the adverse effects of antimycobacterials

A

CNS effects: preipheral neuropathy

GI irritation: N/V

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6
Q

what are the drug-drug for antimycobacterials

A

rifampin and isoniazide combined can cause liver toxicity

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7
Q

what are our nursing considerations of antimycobacterials

A 
collect specimens for C/S
monitor renal/hepatic labs
ensure the full course is taken
d/c if hypersensitivity occurs
TB drugs are taken long term
stay well hydrated
eat small frequent meals
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8
Q

what are our tetracyclines

A

“-cycline”
tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline

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9
Q

how do tetracyclines work

A

they are bacteriostatic and prevent replication

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10
Q

why are tetracyclines used

A

TX various infections

substitute for PCN when contraindicated
used for acne when PCN contraindicated

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11
Q

what are the contra/cautions for tetracyclines

A

allergy to tetracyclines ir tartrazine
pregnancy and lact
renal and hepatic dysfunction

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12
Q

what are the adverse effects of tetracyclines

A

GI effects
damage to teeth and bones (not for children)
bone marrow suppression

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13
Q

what are the drug-drug for tetracyclines

A

digoxin

PCN G and PO contraceptives

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14
Q

what are our nursing considerations for tetracyclines

A

give on empty stomach
monitor renal/hepatic
monitor for rashes/lesions
obtain C/S
monitor for superinfections (cannidias and c. diff)
wear sunscreen while taking (photosensitivity)

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15
Q

what are our sulfonamides?

A

“sulfa-“
sulfadiazine
sulfasalazine
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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16
Q

how do sulfonamides work

A

they are bacteriostatic and inhibit folic acid synthesis

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17
Q

when are sulfonamides used

A

gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections

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18
Q

what are the contra/cautions of sulfonamides

A

tolbutamide, tolazamide, glyburide, glipizide, and chlorpropramide

cyclosporine

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19
Q

what are nursing considerations for sulfonamides

A

examine for rashes/lesions
obtain C/S
monitor CBC and renal functions
PO drugs taken on empty stomach with water

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20
Q

what are our penicillins

A 
"-icillin"
penicillin g benzathine
penicillin g potassium
penicillin g procaine
penicillin v
amoxicillin
ampicillin
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21
Q

how do penicillins work

A

they are bactericidal

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22
Q

indications for penicillins

A

broad spectrum usage

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23
Q

what are the contra/cautions of penicillins

A

tetracyclines

aminoglycosides

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24
Q

what are the nursing considerations of penicillins

A 
monitor WBC and renal
obtain C/S
give small freq meals and mouth care
must take full course
monitor for super infections
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25
Q

what are our fluroquinolones

A 
"-floxacin"
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
ofloxacin
26
Q

how do fluroquinolones work

A

they are bacteriostatic

27
Q

when to use fluroquinolones

A

UTI and respiratory tract infections

skin infections

28
Q

what are the contra/cautions of fluroquinolones

A

allergy
pregnancy and lact
renal dysfuntion

29
Q

what are the adverse effects of fluroquinolones

A

CNS: HA, dizziness, insomnia, depression, hallucinations

blackbox: risk for tendinitis and tendon rupture

30
Q

what are our drug-drug for fluroquinolones

A

iron salts, sucralfate, mineral supplements, antacids

quinidine

theophylline

NSAIDs

31
Q

what are our nursing considerations of fluroquinolones

A 
HX of myasthenia gravis
obtain C/S and read report
monitor renal values
give small frequent meals with mouth care
must complete full course
32
Q

what are our cephalosporins

A

1st gen: cephalexin
2nd gen: cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime
3rd gen: cefdinir, ceftriazone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime
4th gen: ceftolozane-tazo

33
Q

how do cephalosporins work

A

bactericidal and bacteriostatic

34
Q

when to use cephalosporins

A

in infections caused by susceptible bacteria

35
Q

contra/cautions of cephalosporins

A

allergy to cephalosporins and PCN
hepatic/renal impairment
pregnancy and lact

36
Q

what are the adverse effects of cephalosporins

A

N/V/D
anorexia
super infections

37
Q

drug-drug for cephalosporins

A

aminoglycosides
oral anticoagulants
alcohol

38
Q

what are some nursing considerations of cephalosporins

A 
MUST wait 72hrs for cephalosporin to drink alcohol
alcoholic? severe S/E
assess for rash/lesions
obtain and read C/S
monitor original infection site
maintain adequate hydration
monitor injection site
39
Q

what are our carbapenems

A 
"-penem"
doripenem
ertapenem
imipenem-cilastatin
meropenem
meopenem-vaborbactam
40
Q

how do carbapenems work

A

bactericidal

41
Q

when to use carbapenems

A

to treat serious infections caused by susceptible bacteria

42
Q

contra/cautions of carbapenems

A

allergy, carbapenems or betalactams
seizure disorders
meningitis
pregnancy and lact

43
Q

what are the adverse effects of carbapenems

A

pseudomembranous colitis
c. diff diarrhea
N/V resulting in severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
super infections/new infections

44
Q

drug-drug for carbapenems

A

valporic acid

probenecid

45
Q

nursing considerations of carbapenems

A 
HX inflammatory bowel disorder
obtain and read C/S
monitor WBC and renal
admin the full course
monitor for severe diarrhea (c. diff)
monitor site for changes
46
Q

what are the aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin

“-mycin”
neomycin
streptomycin
tobramycin

47
Q

how do aminoglycosides work

A

bactericidal

48
Q

when to use aminoglycosides

A

for serious infections

49
Q

contra/cautions of aminoglycosides

A 
hearing loss
active herpes
myasthenia gravis/parkinsonism
preg/lact
mycobacterial infection
50
Q

adverse effects of aminoglycosides

A

ototoxicity

nephrotoxicity

51
Q

drug-drug for aminoglycosides

A

PCN and cephalosporins

diuretics, neuromuscular blockers

52
Q

what are the nursing considerations of aminoglycosides

A 
kids can get superinfections and the most adverse effects
take full course
obtain and read C/S
monitor WBC and renal function
monitor infection site
stay well hydrated
eat small frequent meals
53
Q

what are the lincosamides

A

clindamycin

lincomycin

54
Q

what do you need to know for lincosamides

A

bacteriocidal
TX serious bone infections and infections
watch fluids and GI activity
they can cause c. diff

55
Q

what are the lipglycopeptides

A

telavancin
dalbavancin
oritavancin
vancomycin

56
Q

what to remember for lipglycopeptides

A

bacteriocidal
used for severe skin infections including MRSA

will prolong QT intervals - EKG required
can have FOAMY urine
no pregnancy while on this drug

57
Q

what are the macrolides

A

erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
fidaxomicin

58
Q

what to know for macrolides

A

can TX multiple infections
both bacteriocidal and static
can cause potential HEARING LOSS

fidaxomicin is for c.diff

59
Q

what are the ocazolidinones

A

“-zolid”
tedizolid
linezolid

60
Q

what to know for ocazolidinones

A

used with resistant bacteria
bacteriocidal
can have N/V and collitis

61
Q

what is a monobactam

A

aztreonam

62
Q

what to know of monobactam

A

IV USE ONLY
bacteriocidal
can TX different infections
GI and super infections possible

Pharm Final (15 decks)

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