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HOST AND DEFENSE > antibiotics > Flashcards

antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Doxycycline

A

binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation

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2
Q

Tigecycline

A

binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation

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3
Q

Clarithromycin

A

binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

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4
Q

Azithromycin

A

binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

Many gram(+), some gram(-), effective against intracellular pathogens

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5
Q

Fidaxomicin

A
  • binds to RNA Polymerase and inhibits it
  • binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

narrow spectrum, gram (+) aerobes & anaerobes, binds sigma subuint of RNA polymerase

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6
Q

Clindamycin

A

binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

Anaerobic gram (+) above diaphragm

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7
Q

Quinupristin/ Dalfopristin

A

binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

Gram (+) cocci

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8
Q

Linezolid

A

binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

Resistant Gram (+)

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9
Q

Gentamicin

A

binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation

Aerobic gram (-) alone, but synergistic with beta lactams for gram (+)

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10
Q

Tobramycin

A

binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation

Aerobic gram (-) alone, but synergistic with beta lactams for gram (+)

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11
Q

Parmomycin

A

binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation

Aerobic gram (-) alone, but synergistic with beta lactams for gram (+)

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12
Q

Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole

A

Folate antagonist

Blocks purine production and nucleic acid synthesis

many Gram (-) and gram (+) including MRSA

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13
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Binds DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to inhibit DNA replication

many gram (-), few gram(+) atypical organisms

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14
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Binds DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to inhibit DNA replication

many gram (-), few gram(+) atypical organisms

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15
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

broadest spectrum quionlone, slightly less active than cipro against gram (-), greater activity against gram (+) cocci, enhanced activy against anaerobes

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16
Q

Metronidazole

A

Disrupts ETC and damages anaerobe DNA b/c it’s a prodrug and is only reduced by anaerobes

Anaerobes below diaphragm

17
Q

Mupirocin

A

inhibits staphylococcal isoleucyl tRNA synthetase

gram (+) cocci, MSSA, MSRA

18
Q

Penicillin G

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Gram(+) organisms: Streptococci, staph.. Only gram (-) is some neisseria meningitidis

19
Q

Nafcillin

A

biliary excretion, not renal.

Anti-staph, gran positive

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

20
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

Can be given orally

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

21
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Gram (+), but improved activity against gram (-) (BROAD)

22
Q

Amoxicillin w/clavulanate

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Stevens Johnson’s syndrome

Gram (+), but improved activity against gram (-) (BROAD)

23
Q

Piperacillin w/tazobactam

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Broad spectrum, can be used for abdominal infections

Gram (+/-), covers anaerobes as well

24
Q

Ampicillin

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

gram (-) rods (H. influenzae, E.coli, P.mirabilis, Salmonella, gram (+) cocci(Enterococci), gram (+) rods (Listeria monocytogenes), gram (-) cocci; H. Pylori

25
Q

Cephalexin (1st generation)

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Gram(+) cocci, a couple gram (-) UTIs

26
Q

Cefazolin (first generation)

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

“Gram (+) and extended Gram (-)
Active against anaerobes”

27
Q

Cefotetan (2nd generation)

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)

28
Q

Ceftriaxone (third generation)

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)

29
Q

Ceftazidime (third generation)

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)

30
Q

Ceftazidime w/avibactam

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)

31
Q

Cefepime (4th generation)

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Broad spec, crosses CNS, active against psuedomonas

32
Q

Ceftaroline (4th generation)

A

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Broad AF (LOL), treats MRSA

33
Q

Aztreonam (monobactem)

A

aerobic gram (-) rods/bacilli

34
Q

Ertapenem (carbanem)

A

Broad spectrum. gram (+) cocci, gram (-) rods, anaerobes

35
Q

Meropenem (carbapenem)

A

Broad spectrum. gram (+) cocci, gram (-) rods, anaerobes

36
Q

Vancomycin

A

Works against gram positive

Causes Red Man Syndrome

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of nascent peptioglycan, preventing crosslinking (acts on transpeptidase and transglycosylase)

37
Q

Daptomycin

A

Binds to cell membrane, causing depolarization and rapid cell death

only Gram (+)

38
Q

Telavancin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of nascent peptioglycan, preventing crosslinking (acts on transpeptidase and transglycosylase) Also disrupts the bacterial cell membrane potential and increases membrane permeability.

only Gram (+)

HOST AND DEFENSE (4 decks)

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