antibiotics Flashcards
Doxycycline
binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation
Tigecycline
binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation
Clarithromycin
binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis
Azithromycin
binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis
Many gram(+), some gram(-), effective against intracellular pathogens
Fidaxomicin
- binds to RNA Polymerase and inhibits it
- binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis
narrow spectrum, gram (+) aerobes & anaerobes, binds sigma subuint of RNA polymerase
Clindamycin
binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis
Anaerobic gram (+) above diaphragm
Quinupristin/ Dalfopristin
binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis
Gram (+) cocci
Linezolid
binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis
Resistant Gram (+)
Gentamicin
binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation
Aerobic gram (-) alone, but synergistic with beta lactams for gram (+)
Tobramycin
binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation
Aerobic gram (-) alone, but synergistic with beta lactams for gram (+)
Parmomycin
binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation
Aerobic gram (-) alone, but synergistic with beta lactams for gram (+)
Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole
Folate antagonist
Blocks purine production and nucleic acid synthesis
many Gram (-) and gram (+) including MRSA
Ciprofloxacin
Binds DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to inhibit DNA replication
many gram (-), few gram(+) atypical organisms
Levofloxacin
Binds DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to inhibit DNA replication
many gram (-), few gram(+) atypical organisms
Moxifloxacin
broadest spectrum quionlone, slightly less active than cipro against gram (-), greater activity against gram (+) cocci, enhanced activy against anaerobes
Metronidazole
Disrupts ETC and damages anaerobe DNA b/c it’s a prodrug and is only reduced by anaerobes
Anaerobes below diaphragm
Mupirocin
inhibits staphylococcal isoleucyl tRNA synthetase
gram (+) cocci, MSSA, MSRA
Penicillin G
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
Gram(+) organisms: Streptococci, staph.. Only gram (-) is some neisseria meningitidis
Nafcillin
biliary excretion, not renal.
Anti-staph, gran positive
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
Dicloxacillin
Can be given orally
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
Amoxicillin
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
Gram (+), but improved activity against gram (-) (BROAD)
Amoxicillin w/clavulanate
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
Stevens Johnson’s syndrome
Gram (+), but improved activity against gram (-) (BROAD)
Piperacillin w/tazobactam
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
Broad spectrum, can be used for abdominal infections
Gram (+/-), covers anaerobes as well
Ampicillin
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
gram (-) rods (H. influenzae, E.coli, P.mirabilis, Salmonella, gram (+) cocci(Enterococci), gram (+) rods (Listeria monocytogenes), gram (-) cocci; H. Pylori
Cephalexin (1st generation)
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
Gram(+) cocci, a couple gram (-) UTIs
Cefazolin (first generation)
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
“Gram (+) and extended Gram (-)
Active against anaerobes”
Cefotetan (2nd generation)
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)
Ceftriaxone (third generation)
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)
Ceftazidime (third generation)
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)
Ceftazidime w/avibactam
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)
Cefepime (4th generation)
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
Broad spec, crosses CNS, active against psuedomonas
Ceftaroline (4th generation)
Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis
Broad AF (LOL), treats MRSA
Aztreonam (monobactem)
aerobic gram (-) rods/bacilli
Ertapenem (carbanem)
Broad spectrum. gram (+) cocci, gram (-) rods, anaerobes
Meropenem (carbapenem)
Broad spectrum. gram (+) cocci, gram (-) rods, anaerobes
Vancomycin
Works against gram positive
Causes Red Man Syndrome
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of nascent peptioglycan, preventing crosslinking (acts on transpeptidase and transglycosylase)
Daptomycin
Binds to cell membrane, causing depolarization and rapid cell death
only Gram (+)
Telavancin
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of nascent peptioglycan, preventing crosslinking (acts on transpeptidase and transglycosylase) Also disrupts the bacterial cell membrane potential and increases membrane permeability.
only Gram (+)
