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Anti Effectives- week 8 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

agents that prevent or treat infection

A

Anti-Infectives

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2
Q

staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci are gram ___ bacteria

A

Gram + bacteria

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3
Q

escherichia coli, klebsiella, proteus, pseudomonas, salmonella, shigella are gram____ bactreria

A

Gram - bacteria

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4
Q

antibiotic treatment based on signs and symptoms

A

Empiric therapy

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5
Q

based on results of culture and sensitivity

A

Specific therapy

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6
Q

preventative antibiotic use

A

Prophylactic therapy

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7
Q

inhibit growth of susceptible bacteria rather than killing them immediately (eventually leads to bacterial death)

A

Bacteriostatic

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8
Q

kills bacteria

A

Bactericidal

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9
Q

Factors in Antibiotic Resistance

A
  • Widespread use of broad spectrum antibiotics
  • Interrupted or inadequate antibiotic treatment
  • Type of bacteria
  • Type of infection
  • Condition of host
  • Location and setting
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10
Q

One of the first groups
Bacteriostatic (stops bacteria from reproducing)
Ex. sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole

A

Sulfonamides

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11
Q

treatment of UTIs caused by susceptible bacterial strains. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, URT infections, adjunct in malaria

A

Sulfonamides

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12
Q

True or False: Sulfonamides are Bacteriostatic

A

true

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13
Q

Side effects of sulfonamides

A

allergic reactions, GI upset, cutaneous reactions, hepatic, renal or hematological complications, photosensitivity

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14
Q

True or false: sulfonamides reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives

A

true

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15
Q

prevention and treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Ex. gram-positive bacteria, streptococcus, enterococcus, staphylococcus

A

Penicillins

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16
Q

Side effects of penicillin

A

N&V, diarrhea, abdominal pain

17
Q

True or False: you don’t have to check for an allergic reaction when giving penicillin

A

False

18
Q

If you are allergic to penicillin you are also allergic to____

A

Cephalosporins

19
Q

Cephalexin (keflex), cefazolin (ancef), cefadroxil (duricef poor gram -)
Surgical prophylaxis, URI, otitis media are from what drug class

A

Cephalosporins

20
Q

Erythromycin (+), azithromycin (zithromycin -), clarithromycin (biaxin -) are from what drug class

A

Macrolides

21
Q

Used for strep infections (streptococcus pyogenes), mild to moderate URI (haemophilus influenzae), spirochetal infections (syphilis and lyme disease), gonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasma

A

Macrolides

22
Q

Side effects of macrolides

A

GI (especially with erythromycin), N&V, diarrhea, hepatotoxicity, flatulence, jaundice, anorexia. Newer agents have less side effects and longer action

23
Q

milk products, iron preparations, antacids and other dairy products should be avoided due to drug binding. Causes photosensitivity, avoid sunlight

A

tetracyclines

24
Q

True or false: Tetracyclines are pregnancy safe

A

False

25
Q

What are the side effect for tetracyclines?

A

strong affinity for calcium, permanent discoloration of teeth, can affect fetal skeletal development

26
Q

Poor oral absorption, no PO forms

A

Aminoglycosides

27
Q

Used to kill gram - bacteria such as pseudomonas, e. Coli and proteus
Often used in combination with other antibiotics for synergistic effect

A

Aminoglycosides

28
Q

what are the side effects of aminoglycosides?

A

Serious toxicities, nephrotoxicity (renal failure), ototoxicity (auditory impairment and vestibular) Headache, paresthesia, neuromuscular blockade, dizziness, vertigo, skin rash, fever, superinfection

29
Q

ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin are from which drug class?

A

Quinolones

30
Q

true or false: quinolones have Great PO absorption. Absorption rate reduced by antacids

A

true

31
Q

Lower RTI, bone and joint infections, infectious diarrhea, UTIs, skin infections, STIs, anthrax

A

Quinolones

32
Q

what are some side effects of quinolones?

A

CNS depression, headache, dizziness, vomiting, fatigue, restlessness, constipation, N&V, diarrhea thrush (mouth yeast infection), rash, urticaria, flushing, photosensitivity, tinnitus, fever, chills

33
Q

true or false: Intake of alkaline foods such as antacids, dairy products, peanuts and sodium bicarbonate should be limited when taking quinolones

A

true

34
Q

for MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. Causes difficult to treat infections)

A

Clindamycin

35
Q

anaerobic (does not require oxygen for growth,slow growth) and protozoal infections

A

metronidazole

36
Q

used for uncomplicated UTIs

A

Nitrofurantoin

37
Q

destroys cell wall. Treatment of MRSA and other gram + infections. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Should be infused over 60 min. Monitor IV site closely

A

Vancomycin

Anti Effectives- week 8 (5 decks)

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