Antibiotics

Question 1

agents that prevent or treat infection

Answer 1

Anti-Infectives

Question 2

staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci are gram ___ bacteria

Answer 2

Gram + bacteria

Question 3

escherichia coli, klebsiella, proteus, pseudomonas, salmonella, shigella are gram____ bactreria

Answer 3

Gram - bacteria

Question 4

antibiotic treatment based on signs and symptoms

Answer 4

Empiric therapy

Question 5

based on results of culture and sensitivity

Answer 5

Specific therapy

Question 6

preventative antibiotic use

Answer 6

Prophylactic therapy

Question 7

inhibit growth of susceptible bacteria rather than killing them immediately (eventually leads to bacterial death)

Answer 7

Bacteriostatic

Question 8

kills bacteria

Answer 8

Bactericidal

Question 9

Factors in Antibiotic Resistance

Answer 9

• Widespread use of broad spectrum antibiotics
• Interrupted or inadequate antibiotic treatment
• Type of bacteria
• Type of infection
• Condition of host
• Location and setting

Question 10

One of the first groups
Bacteriostatic (stops bacteria from reproducing)
Ex. sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole

Answer 10

Sulfonamides

Question 11

treatment of UTIs caused by susceptible bacterial strains. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, URT infections, adjunct in malaria

Answer 11

Sulfonamides

Question 12

True or False: Sulfonamides are Bacteriostatic

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Side effects of sulfonamides

Answer 13

allergic reactions, GI upset, cutaneous reactions, hepatic, renal or hematological complications, photosensitivity

Question 14

True or false: sulfonamides reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives

Answer 14

true

Question 15

prevention and treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Ex. gram-positive bacteria, streptococcus, enterococcus, staphylococcus

Answer 15

Penicillins

Question 16

Side effects of penicillin

Answer 16

N&V, diarrhea, abdominal pain

Question 17

True or False: you don’t have to check for an allergic reaction when giving penicillin

Answer 17

False

Question 18

If you are allergic to penicillin you are also allergic to____

Answer 18

Cephalosporins

Question 19

Cephalexin (keflex), cefazolin (ancef), cefadroxil (duricef poor gram -)
Surgical prophylaxis, URI, otitis media are from what drug class

Answer 19

Cephalosporins

Question 20

Erythromycin (+), azithromycin (zithromycin -), clarithromycin (biaxin -) are from what drug class

Answer 20

Macrolides

Question 21

Used for strep infections (streptococcus pyogenes), mild to moderate URI (haemophilus influenzae), spirochetal infections (syphilis and lyme disease), gonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasma

Answer 21

Macrolides

Question 22

Side effects of macrolides

Answer 22

GI (especially with erythromycin), N&V, diarrhea, hepatotoxicity, flatulence, jaundice, anorexia. Newer agents have less side effects and longer action

Question 23

milk products, iron preparations, antacids and other dairy products should be avoided due to drug binding. Causes photosensitivity, avoid sunlight

Answer 23

tetracyclines

Question 24

True or false: Tetracyclines are pregnancy safe

Answer 24

False

Question 25

What are the side effect for tetracyclines?

Answer 25

strong affinity for calcium, permanent discoloration of teeth, can affect fetal skeletal development

Question 26

Poor oral absorption, no PO forms

Answer 26

Aminoglycosides

Question 27

Used to kill gram - bacteria such as pseudomonas, e. Coli and proteus Often used in combination with other antibiotics for synergistic effect

Answer 27

Aminoglycosides

Question 28

what are the side effects of aminoglycosides?

Answer 28

Serious toxicities, nephrotoxicity (renal failure), ototoxicity (auditory impairment and vestibular) Headache, paresthesia, neuromuscular blockade, dizziness, vertigo, skin rash, fever, superinfection

Question 29

ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin are from which drug class?

Answer 29

Quinolones

Question 30

true or false: quinolones have Great PO absorption. Absorption rate reduced by antacids

Answer 30

true

Question 31

Lower RTI, bone and joint infections, infectious diarrhea, UTIs, skin infections, STIs, anthrax

Answer 31

Quinolones

Question 32

what are some side effects of quinolones?

Answer 32

CNS depression, headache, dizziness, vomiting, fatigue, restlessness, constipation, N&V, diarrhea thrush (mouth yeast infection), rash, urticaria, flushing, photosensitivity, tinnitus, fever, chills

Question 33

true or false: Intake of alkaline foods such as antacids, dairy products, peanuts and sodium bicarbonate should be limited when taking quinolones

Answer 33

true

Question 34

for MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. Causes difficult to treat infections)

Answer 34

Clindamycin

Question 35

anaerobic (does not require oxygen for growth,slow growth) and protozoal infections

Answer 35

metronidazole

Question 36

used for uncomplicated UTIs

Answer 36

Nitrofurantoin

Question 37

destroys cell wall. Treatment of MRSA and other gram + infections. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Should be infused over 60 min. Monitor IV site closely

Answer 37

Vancomycin