Antibiotics

Question 1

Penicillin G

Answer 1

mechanism: inhibits production of bacterial cell wall
characteristics: monitor for hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, cardiac status, allergy. ESBL is resistant
adverse reactions: nausea, vomit, diarrhea, superinfection, anaphylaxis

Question 2

Cephalosporins: cefotaxime

Answer 2

mechanism: inhibits production of bacterial cell wall
characteristics: monitor for allergy, bleeding disorder, prothrombin level. Do NOT take with alcohol (disulfiram like reaction), ineffective contraceptives.
adverse reactions: nausea, vomit, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, pain @ injection site

Question 3

Tetracyclines

Answer 3

mechanism: inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
characteristics: Do NOT give to children under 8, discolor teeth, pregnant women. Do NOT give with milk, iron, antacids (decrease absorption) Ineffective contraceptive
adverse reactions: nausea, vomit, diarrhea, photosensitivity, superinfection, discoloration of teeth

Question 4

Macrolides: Erythromycin

Answer 4

mechanism: inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
characteristics: usually given to penicillin allergy
adverse reactions: nausea, vomit, diarrhea, GI distress, cramps

Question 5

Aminoglycoside: gentamicin

Answer 5

mechanism: inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
characteristics: usually given parenterally (poor absorption), increase fluid intake to promote excretion.
adverse reactions: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, ataxia, vertigo

Question 6

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 6

mechanism: inhibits bacterial nucleic acid synthesis
characteristics: Do NOT give under 18, pregnant women. bactericidal. Monitor WBC count.
adverse reactions: dizziness, lightheadedness, anaphylaxis, photosensitivity, tendonitis, tendon rupture