Anti Infectives + Anti Inflammatory

Question 1

penicillin G

Answer 1

Class: antibiotic, penicillin, cell wall
Indications: gram + and - broad spectrum, bactericidal
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, ESBL resistant
Cautions: monitor for allergy, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, cardiac status, lactation
Adverse effects: nausea, diarrhea, vomit, superinfection, anaphylaxis, seizures

Question 2

amoxicillin

Answer 2

Class: antibiotic, amoxicillin, cell wall
Indications: gram + and - broad spectrum, bactericidal, antiulcer for Helicobacter pylori
Contraindications: hypersensitivity
Cautions: ineffective contraceptive, renal impairment
Adverse effects: nausea, diarrhea, vomit, superinfection (CDiff), anaphylaxis, seizures

Question 3

cefotaxime

Answer 3

Class: antibiotic, cephalosporin, cell wall
Indications: gram + and some gram -, bactericidal
Contraindications: hypersensitivity
Cautions: monitor for renal, GI disease, allergy, prothrombin level, bleeding, ineffective contraceptives, disulfiram, benefit-risk for lactation and pregnancy
Adverse effects: diarrhea, vomit, nausea, pain, seizures, anaphylaxis

Question 4

tetracycline

Answer 4

class: antibiotics, tetracyclines, protein
Indications: gram + and gram -, bacteriostatic, acne
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, pregnancy, children under 8,
Cautions: ineffective contraceptive, renal disease, NOT to be given with milk, iron, calcium, magnesium, antacids
Adverse effects: superinfection, nasua, vomit, diarrhea, photosensitivity, discoloration of teeth

Question 5

erythromycin

Answer 5

Class: antibiotics, macrolides, protein
Indications: gram +, some gram-, bacteriostatic, penicillin allergy, acne, respiratory infections
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, bradycardia, long QT syndrome, alcohol intolerance
Cautions: liver/renal disease, myasthenia gravis, ototoxicity
Adverse effects: GI distress, nausea, cramping, diarrhea arrhythmia, CDiff, hypersensitivity, ototoxicity, phlebitis

Question 6

gentamicin

Answer 6

class: antibiotics, aminoglycoside, protien
Indications: gram -, bactericidal, ecoli, staph
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, pregnancy
Cautions: NOT to be taken with penicillins or cephalosporins, and nephrotoxic drugs, increase fluid intake
adverse effects: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular function, ataxia, vertigo

Question 7

fluconazole

Answer 7

Class: antifungal, ergosterol infibitor
Indications: narrow spectrum candidiasis (not for non-albican candida), cryptococcus neoformans (aerobic yeast)
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, pregnancy
Cautions: liver, kidney, cardio conditions
Adverse effects: nausea, vomit, diarrhea, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis, stevens-johnson syndrome, torsades de pointes (ventricular fibrillation)

Question 8

nystatin

Answer 8

class: antifungal, fungal cell wall
Indications: oral, intestinal candidiasis
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, alcohol
Cautions: children under 5, dentures
Adverse reactions: nausea, vomit, diarrhea

Question 9

amphotericin B

Answer 9

class: antifungal, fungal cell wall
Indications: most fungal infections, progressive or severe
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, lactation
Cautions: renal impairment, leukocyte transfusion (can lead to pulmonary toxicity), quick administration leads to cardiac collapse,
Adverse reactions: nausea, vomit, diarrhea, chest pain, anaphylaxis, nephrotoxicity

Question 10

chloroquine (no cautions)

Answer 10

Class: antimalarials (antiprotozoals), gene inhibition
Indications: Prophylaxis/treatment of acute attacks of malaria
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, visual damage, and lactation
Adverse effects: Seizures, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Agranulocytosis (decrease in granulocyte), Aplastic Anemia, Leukopenia

Question 11

metronidazole

Answer 11

class: antiprotozoals + antiinfectives (antibiotics), gene inhibition
Indications: Anaerobic infections, trichomoniasis, amebiasis, helicobacter pylori (antiulcer)
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, hypersensitivity to parabens, first trimester of pregnancy
cautions: no alcohol, disulfiram reaction (psychosis, confusion)…
Adverse effects: seizures, stevens-johnson syndrome

Question 12

Pyrimethamine

Answer 12

class: antimalarials + antiprotozoals, folic acid inhibitor
Indication: chloroquine-resistant malaria (combo with other antimalarials), toxoplasmosis (with sulfonamides)
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, first 14-16 wks pregnant, megaloblastic anemia, concurrent folate antagonist therapy
Caution: seizures, anemia, bone marrow depression, hepatic impairment, lactation
Adverse effects: seizures, arrhythmias, megaloblastic anemia

Question 13

mebendazole

Answer 13

class: antihelminth, inhibit glucose uptake
Indications: wide range, ascariasis, Whipworm, enterobiasis, Hookworm
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Significant drug interactions: Cimetidine (H-2 blocker) may increase levels
Adverse effects: Seizures, Angioedema

Question 14

aspirin

Answer 14

class: anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, NSAIDs, salicylate
Indications: inflammatory disorders, mild to moderate pain & fever, prophylaxis of ischemic attacks and MI
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to NSAIDs or salicylates, bleeding disorders (thrombocytopenia), children
Drug interactions: NOT to be used with heparin or thrombolytic agents, other NSAIDs cause GI distress and cardiac problems
Adverse effects: ototoxicity, bleeding disorders, Reye’s syndrome, hypersensitivity

Question 15

ibuprofen

Answer 15

class: anti-inflammatory, NSAIDs
Indications: inflammatory disorders, mild to moderate pain & fever
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, GI and Cardio problems
Drug interactions:
Aspirin: limits anticoagulant properties
NSAIDs: GI problems
Acetaminophen: renal disease
Adverse effects: GI, Cardio problems, hypersensitivity, stevens-johnson syndrome, hepatitis

Question 16

celecoxib

Answer 16

class: anti-i, NSAIDs, COX2 inhibitor
Indications: arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, dysmenorrhea, acute pain
Contraindications: hypersensitivity (including NSAIDs), renal and hepatic disease, after CABG surgery
Drug interactions:
ACE inhibitors, diuretics: less effective, Cypc9 inhibitors (antiarrhythmics): toxicity, Other anti-inflammatory drugs: risk of GI bleed
Adverse effects: HF, MI, stroke, thrombosis, stevens-johnson syndrome, GI bleeding

Question 17

acetaminophen

Answer 17

class: antipyretics, analgesics
Indications: mild to moderate pain & fever
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, hepatic impairment,
Drug interactions:
intolerance to aspartame, saccharin, sugar, tartrazine
Warfarin: bleeding disorders
Alcohol, NSAID: liver impairment
Pregnancy category: B
Adverse effects: hepatotoxicity, dermal problems including Stevens-johnson syndrome

Question 18

vancomycin

Answer 18

class: antibiotic, glycopeptide, cell wall
Indications: gram + only, bactericidal, ESBL, Cdiff, staphylococcus
Contraindications: hypersensitivity
Cautions: renal, hearing insufficiency, intestinal problems, lactation
Adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, nephrotoxicity, anaphylaxis, ototoxicity, phlebitis