Antibiotic Terminology

Question 1

Any agent that kills or supresses the growth of microorganisms

Answer 1

antimicrobial

Question 2

Any substance that does any of the following:

Inhibits bacterial growth
Impedes replication of bacteria
Kills bacteria

Answer 2

antibacterial

Question 3

three things that an antibacterial will do

Answer 3

Inhibits bacterial GROWTH

Impedes REPLICATION of bacteria

KILLS bacteria

Question 4

Bacteria are ________, but not all microbes are ________

Answer 4

microbes
bacteria

Question 5

A drug that can inhibit the growth of or kill bacteria

Answer 5

antibiotic

Question 6

two categories of antimicrobial drugs

Answer 6

Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic

Question 7

what do bactericidal drugs do

Answer 7

kills microorganisms

Question 8

what do bacteriostatic drugs do

Answer 8

inhibits the growth of microorganisms

Question 9

Bacteria that are “sensitive” to an antibiotic means what

Answer 9

the antibiotic works

Question 10

Bacteria that are resistant to an antibiotic means what

Answer 10

the antibiotic doesn’t work

Question 11

describes the population of bacteria against which the antibiotic generally works

Answer 11

spectrum of action

Question 12

five mechanisms of antimicrobial action against bacteria or other microorganisms

Answer 12

inhibition of cell wall synthesis
damage to cell membrane
inhibition of protein synthesis
inhibition of metabolic processes
inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Question 13

antibacterials thathave limited activity and are primarily only useful against particular species of microorganisms

Examples:
*only gram positive bacteria
*only gram negative bacteria
*only aerobic organisms
*only anaerobic organims

Answer 13

narrow spectrum antibacterials

Question 14

antibacterials that are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms

Answer 14

broad spectrum antibacterials

Question 15

what is Beta-Lactamase and what does it do

Answer 15

Enzymes produced by some bacteria that make them resistant to certain antibiotics

Question 16

Indiscriminate use of antimicrobials leads to increased __________

Answer 16

resistance

Question 17

three examples of indiscriminate use of antimicrobials

Answer 17

Frequent use; unnecessary use

Using broad-spectrum when narrow spectrum will suffice

Short-term use (not using full therapeutic doses)

Question 18

only use antibiotics for _______ infections

Answer 18

bacterial

Question 19

do not use antibiotics for _______ infections

Answer 19

mild

Question 20

antibiotic use is not an excuse for _______ technique

Answer 20

aseptic

Question 21

antibiotics should only be used when there is a definitive _______

Answer 21

diagnosis

Question 22

Do not use a broad-spectrum antibiotic if the infection is sensitive to a ________-spectrum drug

Answer 22

narrow

Question 23

always give the full _______ course of an antibiotic

Answer 23

therapeutic

Question 24

Use topical or local antibiotics whenever possible, reserving _________ antibiotics for the more severe cases

Answer 24

systemic

Question 25

what do you need to watch for when using antibiotics in large animals

Answer 25

withdrawal times

Question 26

how can you get a definitive diagnosis on which antibiotic to use

Answer 26

culture and sensitivity testing

Question 27

Not the best way to chose an antibiotic - but you can chose based on the ______ ______ affected

Answer 27

body system

Question 28

Best way to chose an antibiotic

Answer 28

culture and sensitivity testing

Question 29

culture and sensitivity testing identifies the _______ of the infecting ________

Answer 29

species
organism

Question 30

Four steps to Culture and Sensitivity testing

Answer 30

aseptically collect a sample for culture

obtain an isolated colony

gram stain to identify the organism

do antimicrobial disk sensitivity test (Kirby-Bauer)

Question 31

what color do gram positive bacteria stain

Answer 31

dark blue to purple

Question 32

what color do gram negative bacteria stain

Answer 32

pink to red