Antibiotic Terminology Flashcards
Any agent that kills or supresses the growth of microorganisms
antimicrobial
Any substance that does any of the following:
Inhibits bacterial growth
Impedes replication of bacteria
Kills bacteria
antibacterial
three things that an antibacterial will do
Inhibits bacterial GROWTH
Impedes REPLICATION of bacteria
KILLS bacteria
Bacteria are ________, but not all microbes are ________
microbes
bacteria
A drug that can inhibit the growth of or kill bacteria
antibiotic
two categories of antimicrobial drugs
Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
what do bactericidal drugs do
kills microorganisms
what do bacteriostatic drugs do
inhibits the growth of microorganisms
Bacteria that are “sensitive” to an antibiotic means what
the antibiotic works
Bacteria that are resistant to an antibiotic means what
the antibiotic doesn’t work
describes the population of bacteria against which the antibiotic generally works
spectrum of action
five mechanisms of antimicrobial action against bacteria or other microorganisms
inhibition of cell wall synthesis
damage to cell membrane
inhibition of protein synthesis
inhibition of metabolic processes
inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
antibacterials thathave limited activity and are primarily only useful against particular species of microorganisms
Examples:
*only gram positive bacteria
*only gram negative bacteria
*only aerobic organisms
*only anaerobic organims
narrow spectrum antibacterials
antibacterials that are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms
broad spectrum antibacterials
what is Beta-Lactamase and what does it do
Enzymes produced by some bacteria that make them resistant to certain antibiotics
Indiscriminate use of antimicrobials leads to increased __________
resistance
three examples of indiscriminate use of antimicrobials
Frequent use; unnecessary use
Using broad-spectrum when narrow spectrum will suffice
Short-term use (not using full therapeutic doses)
only use antibiotics for _______ infections
bacterial
do not use antibiotics for _______ infections
mild
antibiotic use is not an excuse for _______ technique
aseptic
antibiotics should only be used when there is a definitive _______
diagnosis
Do not use a broad-spectrum antibiotic if the infection is sensitive to a ________-spectrum drug
narrow
always give the full _______ course of an antibiotic
therapeutic
Use topical or local antibiotics whenever possible, reserving _________ antibiotics for the more severe cases
systemic
what do you need to watch for when using antibiotics in large animals
withdrawal times
how can you get a definitive diagnosis on which antibiotic to use
culture and sensitivity testing
Not the best way to chose an antibiotic - but you can chose based on the ______ ______ affected
body system
Best way to chose an antibiotic
culture and sensitivity testing
culture and sensitivity testing identifies the _______ of the infecting ________
species
organism
Four steps to Culture and Sensitivity testing
aseptically collect a sample for culture
obtain an isolated colony
gram stain to identify the organism
do antimicrobial disk sensitivity test (Kirby-Bauer)
what color do gram positive bacteria stain
dark blue to purple
what color do gram negative bacteria stain
pink to red
