Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Antibiotic Lecture Part 1 > Flashcards

Antibiotic Lecture Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Narrow Spectrum

A

Antibiotics that are only effective against a SMALL number of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Broad Spectrum

A

Effective against MANY bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give examples of both a narrow spectrum and broad spectrum antibiotic

A

Narrow: Penicillin
Broad: Tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Bactericidal:

A

Antibiotic has the ability to KILL bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Bacteriostatic:

A

Antibiotic inhibits bacterial growth or slows the growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Antibiotic Antagonism:

A

When 2 antibiotics are used together, one antagonizes the effect of the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T or F, Never combine a bactericidal antibiotic with a bacteriostatic antibiotic in the same person

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T or F, Bactericidal antibiotic will inhibit or diminish the effects of Bacteriostatic antibiotic

A

False, Bacteriostatic will inhibit effects of Bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If tetracycline and penicillin are given together, which will NOT be effective?

A

Penicillin will NOT be effective. This is because it is a bactericidal antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or F, Not all antibiotics are bacteriostatic

A

False, ALL are bacteriostatic (depending on dose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T or F, All antibiotics are bactericidal at therapeutic doses

A

False, NOT all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

A

A test used to determine bactericidal concentration of an antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T or F, Theoretically, all antibiotics are bactericidal, but the dose to achieve bactericidal effects would be so high that it would kill the patient

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Antibiotic Synergism:

A

Occurs when 2 antibiotics work together for a more positive effect when given to the same patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What five steps are used to choose an antibiotic

A
  1. Identify the microorganism
  2. Determine the most effective antibiotic against that organism
  3. Choose an antibiotic with low host toxicity
  4. Choose a bactericidal antibiotic
  5. Choose an antibiotic with low resistance potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is it a good thing to try and identify the microorganism in the mouth?

A

Not really efficient clinically, in normal healthy ambulatory population, the predominant microorganism in the oral cavity is going to be gram positive strep or staph. 90-95% of the time. Without even taking a culture, we know that the oral infection is most likely a gram positive strep or staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most effective antibiotic against gram positive strep or staph?

A

Penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the least toxic antibiotic

A

Penicillin

- Cannot kill the host at ANY concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T or F, 10% of the population is allergic to penicillin but it is not toxic to them.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why do we try to choose a bactericidal antibiotic?

A

If a patient has an infection, it drains their resistance and disability to fight off other infections. An antibiotic kills bacteria so we don’t have to rely on the patient’s defense mechanisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When choosing antibiotic with low resistance potential, what are 4 ways that we minimize resistance:

A
  1. Give an adequate dose
  2. Take for an adequate duration
  3. Avoid repeated administration
  4. Avoid topical administration
22
Q

T or F, Is it ok to give patients a lower dose of antibiotics just in case they are allergic to prevent the patient from going into anaphylactic shock

A

False, Remember that allergic reactions are NOT dose dependent

23
Q

T or F, Do not give patients same antibiotic week after week

A

True, Bacteria develop mechanisms to become resistant

24
Q

Sulfa Drugs are indicated for what use?

A

Used primarily for urinary tract infections (UTI)

  • No indications for use in dentistry
25
Q

What was the first antibacterial agent?

A

Sulfanilamide

26
Q

Mechanism of action of penicillins

A

Blocks bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with structural glycopeptides
- Bacterial cell death results from lysis

27
Q

What is penicillinase?

A

Is a beta lactamase that breaks down the beta lactic ring of the penicillin molecule. Without an intact beta lactic ring, penicillin is ineffective: drug cannot inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

28
Q

T or F, 99% of the normal, healthy ambulatory population does not have penicillinase-producing microorganisms

A

True

29
Q

How are natural pencillins (penicillin G) administered?

A

Given parenterally

- They are incomplete and variable due to destruction by gastric juices when given orally

30
Q

How are semi-synthetic (penicillin V) administered?

A

Orally

- More acid stable, therefor more uniform absorption

31
Q

How much of an oral dose of penicillin is secreted within the first 4 hours?

A

70% of an oral dose

32
Q

T or F, Penicillin molecule excreted unchanged?

A

True

33
Q

How much of penicillin is excreted from the body via active transport?

A

90%

-10% passive transport

34
Q

What is probenecid?

A

A medication used to treat gout

- Also called Benemid

35
Q

How is probenecid used with penicillin?

A

It is used to slow the excretion of penicillin. It competes with the penicillin molecule for the active transport mechanism. probenecid has a greater affinity for the carrier than penicillin does. So if probenecid is given before penicillin is given, the penicillin is not excreted as rapidly

36
Q

probenecid elevates the blood level of penicillin how much?

A

3-4 times; prolongs the effect of the penicillin

37
Q

What are the two indications of Penicillins?

A
  1. Orofacial infections - penicillin is drug of choice

2. Prophylactic use - prevention of bacterial endocarditis and of infections around prosthetic joints and devices

38
Q

What was the first penicillin produced?

A

Penicillin G
- Only natural penicillin available commercially
Narrow spectrum

39
Q

What is the indication of penicillin G

A

in Treatment of STDs

40
Q

What is the advantage of Procaine Penicillin G = repository form

A

The penicillin escapes at a slower rate out of the oil after injection
It is released over a 12-24 hour period

41
Q

What is the indication for Procaine penicillin G = respiratory form

A
  • Infections with Treponema palladium

- Anthrax

42
Q

What is the advantage of Benzathine Penicillin G = repository form

A

Produces therapeutic blood levels that last for 3 weeks.

- Doesn’t reach the peak level that is obtained with the aqueous form of penicillin G

43
Q

What is the brand name for Benzathine Penicillin G?

A

Bicillin

44
Q

Primary indication for Bicilin or Benzathine penicillin G?

A

STDs

45
Q

What was the first semi-synthetic penicillin

A

Penicillin V

46
Q

Sodium penicillin V is an improved version of penicillin G why?

A

Because it is acid stabile

- It can be taken orally

47
Q

How is Penicillin V best bioavailable?

A

It was first combined with sodium but later was determined that it has better bioavailability when it was in the potassium form
- Now, all forms of penicillin V are going to be in potassium form

48
Q

T or F, Never write a prescription for penicillin VK

A

True, Just write it for penicillin V

- If you write the prescription for penicillin VK, the pharmacist has to fill the prescription with that brand name drug

49
Q 
Penicillin V:
Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic
Broad spectrum or Narrow spectrum
Acid stabile or incomplete 
Penicillinase labile?
A
  • Bactericidal
  • Narrow spectrum
  • Acid stabile
  • Penicillinase labile
50
Q

T or F, CDC says that when you are treating an infection, you must use the most broad spectrum antibiotic so that all bacteria will be killed

A

False, Narrow spectrum that is available for that particular infection

51
Q

When are penicillinase-resistant penicillins used?

A

Only used if the patient has an infection caused by penicillinase-resistant microorganisms

52
Q

What 4 reasons must you consider in not using penicillinase-resistant drugs

A
  1. Promotes resistant microorganisms
  2. More expensive
  3. More toxic
  4. Not as effective as penicillin V

Pharmacology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions